A bicycle assembly can include a main frame having a bottom bracket area to receive a bottom bracket. The bottom bracket area can be made of carbon fiber with one or more embedded seat blanks to serve as bearing surfaces within the bottom bracket area. The disks may be machined to a high tolerance to receive a bottom bracket.

A electric motor system for supplying assistive propelling power to a bicycle, comprising: one or more drivetrains, each comprising a motor-drive shaft having a pinion with fixed drive system driving a crown and bearing assembly connected to a spindle; and a controller for executing a motor control sequence comprising: an initial state activated by a rider's start command where the motor speed is being detected for an initial period, and if the motor speed is higher than a first speed threshold continuously for a first period, then the motor is turned on to output a rider-selected torque level; a continuous motor speed detection state where the motor speed is being continuously detected, and if the motor speed falls below a second speed threshold continuously for a second period, then the motor is turned off; and the motor is turned off if a stop command from the rider is received.

A bicycle crank assembly includes a sprocket having a rotational center axis, a crank, a crank axle and a slide mechanism. The crank axle is attached to the crank and includes an internal space. The slide mechanism is configured to displace the sprocket relatively to the crank in an axial direction parallel to the rotational center axis. At least part of the slide mechanism is disposed in the internal space of the crank axle.

A drive mechanism to enable a bicycle to coast forward or backward iincludes a ratchet ring that is directly coupled to a sprocket of the bicycle. A pawl housing is directly coupled to a crank axle of the bicycle. The housing includes a plurality of pawls that are distributed about a perimeter of the housing. The pawls are extendible outward from the perimeter of the housing to engage the ratchet ring to rotate the sprocket when the crank axle is rotated by forward pedaling. A clutch disk includes a plurality of radial projections that are each configured to extend outward a pawl of the plurality of pawls when that pawl is rotated to that radial projection by forward rotation of the crank axle. The clutch disk is coupled to a friction element that resists rotation of the clutch disk relative to a chassis of the bicycle.

A bicycle bottom bracket assembly having a rotational central axis includes a support member, a bearing unit and a radially inward force reducing structure. The support member includes a hanger mounting portion and a bearing mounting portion. The bearing mounting portion is configured to be at least partly positioned within a hanger part of a bicycle frame. The bearing unit includes an outer race, an inner race and at least one roller element disposed between the outer and inner races in a radial direction with respect to the rotational central axis. The outer race is fixed to the bearing mounting portion of the support member. The radially inward force reducing structure reduces a radially inward force being transmitted to the bearing unit.

A force sensor is disclosed for the bottom bracket of a bicycle, designed as a hollow cylindrical piece divided into an outer ring with an indentation along the entire perimeter thereof to accommodate a mechanical stop, an inner ring and a central ring with at least four openings disposed around the perimeter and which are positioned such that they form four arms, two identical arms having a larger arc in the vertical axis and two identical arms having a smaller arc in the horizontal axis, with at least one sheer strain gauge placed on each arm having a smaller are and at least one bending strain gauge on each arm having a larger arc. This strain gauge arrangement allows the effective force to be measured by omitting parasitic forces, thereby obtaining precise information regarding the power exerted by a cyclist, which is useful for optimising motors in electric bikes.

A torque sensing bottom bracket includes a bottom bracket sensor assembly that detects torque applied thereto and generates an analog torque signal, and a signal processor that receives the analog torque signal and generates a digital torque signal. The signal processor is configured to receive the digital torque signal, to perform a format conversion on the digital torque signal, and to outputs a converted digital torque signal in a specific signal format. The signal processor is then configured to output the converted digital torque signal to an external back-end device.

A crankset assembly to be mounted on a bicycle includes at least one right-hand bearing for mounting a crankset shaft and a force sensor positioned around the outer ring of the bearing. The force sensor includes a peripheral portion, a central portion, and a top frame connecting a top section of the peripheral portion to a top portion of the central portion. The frame is positioned at a diameter oriented along an axis (Y). The axis (Y) makes an angle () of between 10 and 30 with the vertical axis (Y) and the top frame is positioned behind the vertical axis (Y).

A vehicle may include a pedal assembly, a motor assembly, and a drive unit that may be used to allow selective usage of one or both of the pedal assembly and the motor assembly to convey power to a driven wheel of the vehicle. The drive unit can include a gearbox that may enclose components which form at least part of a first power path between the pedal assembly and the driven wheel and a second power path between the motor assembly and the driven wheel. The first and second power paths can converge at a component within the gearbox. One-way bearings at points in the first and second power paths prior to the convergence of the power paths can inhibit or prevent the pedal assembly from being affected by operation of the motor assembly, and vice versa.

A pedal force detection mechanism for an electric-assisted bicycle includes a torque-transmitting member, a main thrust bearing, a strain sensing assembly, and a main drive gear. The torque-transmitting member transmits and diverts a torque along a crankshaft's axial direction. The main thrust bearing abuts against the torque-transmitting member to transmit the diverted torque. The strain sensing assembly has a strain gauge, resilient ring-shaped base, and supporting annular base. The supporting annular base abuts against a shaft housing. An axial-strain gap is defined between the supporting annular base and the main thrust bearing. The resilient ring-shaped base is fitted between the main thrust bearing and the supporting annular base. A main gear and an internally-connected ring body of the main drive gear are integrally formed with each other. An axial-movement gap is defined between the torque-transmitting member and the internally-connected ring body.