An aircraft panel assembly with a panel and a plurality of stiffeners on the panel is disclosed. Each stiffener has an attachment part attached to the panel and a structural part spaced apart from the panel. A rib foot beam crosses the stiffeners at a series of intersections. At each intersection the rib foot beam is located between the panel and the structural part of a respective one of the stiffeners.

An aircraft panel assembly with a panel and a plurality of stiffeners on the panel is disclosed. Each stiffener has an attachment part attached to the panel and a structural part spaced apart from the panel. A rib foot beam crosses the stiffeners at a series of intersections. At each intersection the rib foot beam is located between the panel and the structural part of a respective one of the stiffeners.

Systems, methods, and aircraft for managing center of gravity (CG) while transporting large cargo are described. Management of CG is achieved in many ways. In some instances, the aircraft itself is designed to assist in managing CG by providing fuel tanks that minimize the impact of fuel on the net CG of the aircraft. The fuel tanks utilize only a small amount of available volume in the wings for fuel. Disclosures related to properly managing CG while loading wind turbines onto cargo aircraft are also provided. The CG management techniques provided for herein allow for the transportation of wind turbine blades via aircraft, running counter to the typical rail or truck transportation of the same. One such management technique includes accounting for how a rotation of the blades when loading impacts the CG of the blades, and thus taking this into account when placing the blades in the aircraft.

Systems, methods, and aircraft for managing center of gravity (CG) while transporting large cargo are described. Management of CG is achieved in many ways. In some instances, the aircraft itself is designed to assist in managing CG by providing fuel tanks that minimize the impact of fuel on the net CG of the aircraft. The fuel tanks utilize only a small amount of available volume in the wings for fuel. Disclosures related to properly managing CG while loading wind turbines onto cargo aircraft are also provided. The CG management techniques provided for herein allow for the transportation of wind turbine blades via aircraft, running counter to the typical rail or truck transportation of the same. One such management technique includes accounting for how a rotation of the blades when loading impacts the CG of the blades, and thus taking this into account when placing the blades in the aircraft.

According to one implementation, a composite material structure includes a corrugated stringer and a panel. The corrugated stringer has a corrugated structure including portions each having hat-shaped cross section. The corrugated stringer is made of a composite material. The panel is integrated with the corrugated stringer. The panel is made of a composite material. Further, according to one implementation, a manufacturing method of a composite material structure includes: setting a textile on a laminated body of prepregs; and producing the composite material structure by covering the laminated body with a bagging film, forming a vacuum state in a space covered with the bagging film, impregnating the textile with the resin, and thermal curing of the laminated body of the prepregs. The laminated body is a panel before curing. The textile has a structure corresponding to a corrugated stringer.

According to one implementation, a composite material structure includes a corrugated stringer and a panel. The corrugated stringer has a corrugated structure including portions each having hat-shaped cross section. The corrugated stringer is made of a composite material. The panel is integrated with the corrugated stringer. The panel is made of a composite material. Further, according to one implementation, a manufacturing method of a composite material structure includes: setting a textile on a laminated body of prepregs; and producing the composite material structure by covering the laminated body with a bagging film, forming a vacuum state in a space covered with the bagging film, impregnating the textile with the resin, and thermal curing of the laminated body of the prepregs. The laminated body is a panel before curing. The textile has a structure corresponding to a corrugated stringer.

Methods of assembling an aircraft wing includes adhering fuel dams to stringers and adhering the fuel dams to ribs. Fuel dams include a fuel-dam body that defines a channel shaped to receive a portion of a stringer of an aircraft wing. The fuel-dam body includes a stringer adherent surface, a rib adherent surface, and a pair of spaced-apart flanges extending from the rib adherent surface and positioned to project from the rib adherent surface on opposing sides of a notch of a rib.

Methods of assembling an aircraft wing includes adhering fuel dams to stringers and adhering the fuel dams to ribs. Fuel dams include a fuel-dam body that defines a channel shaped to receive a portion of a stringer of an aircraft wing. The fuel-dam body includes a stringer adherent surface, a rib adherent surface, and a pair of spaced-apart flanges extending from the rib adherent surface and positioned to project from the rib adherent surface on opposing sides of a notch of a rib.

An aircraft comprising a structure comprising a leakproof tank delimited by walls, of which at least one is in contact with the air outside the aircraft, and filled partly with a two-phase heat-transfer fluid, a fuel cell that is passed through by a heat-transfer fluid, and a line which takes the heat-transfer fluid at an output of the fuel cell and which reintroduces this heat-transfer fluid at an input of the fuel cell. The line passes through the leakproof tank immersed in the heat-transfer fluid in liquid phase.

An aircraft comprising a structure comprising a leakproof tank delimited by walls, of which at least one is in contact with the air outside the aircraft, and filled partly with a two-phase heat-transfer fluid, a fuel cell that is passed through by a heat-transfer fluid, and a line which takes the heat-transfer fluid at an output of the fuel cell and which reintroduces this heat-transfer fluid at an input of the fuel cell. The line passes through the leakproof tank immersed in the heat-transfer fluid in liquid phase.