Aircraft, auto speed brake control systems, and methods for controlling drag of an aircraft are provided. In one example, an aircraft includes an aircraft structure. A drag device is operatively coupled to the aircraft structure between a stowed and a deployed position and/or an intermediate deployed position. A speed brake controller is in communication with the drag device to control movement. An autothrottle-autospeedbrake controller is in communication with the speed brake controller and is configured to receive data signals. The autothrottle-autospeedbrake controller is operative to direct the speed brake controller to control movement of the drag device between the stowed position and the deployed position and/or the intermediate deployed position in response to at least one of the data signals.

An aircraft (1) having a wing (3) and a wing tip device (4) at the tip of the wing (3), wherein the wing tip device (4) includes a rib (16) positioned in a span wise region (C) of the wing tip device (4) in which transonic flow occurs when the aircraft (1) is in flight. A method of designing an aircraft (1) including predicting where transonic flow occurs on the wing tip device (4) when the aircraft (1) is in flight, and designing the wing tip device (4) with a rib (16) positioned in the span wise region (C) of the wing tip device (4) in which the predicted transonic flow occurs.

An aircraft (1) having a wing (3) and a wing tip device (4) at the tip of the wing (3), wherein the wing tip device (4) includes a rib (16) positioned in a span wise region (C) of the wing tip device (4) in which transonic flow occurs when the aircraft (1) is in flight. A method of designing an aircraft (1) including predicting where transonic flow occurs on the wing tip device (4) when the aircraft (1) is in flight, and designing the wing tip device (4) with a rib (16) positioned in the span wise region (C) of the wing tip device (4) in which the predicted transonic flow occurs.

Vortex reduction apparatus for use with airfoils are disclosed. An example vortex reduction apparatus includes a housing to couple to a tip of an airfoil. The housing defines a volute fluid flow passageway between an inlet and an outlet. The volute fluid flow passageway is structured to induce a rotational fluid flow in a first rotational direction opposite a second rotational direction of a shed vortex induced at the tip of the airfoil during flight.

Vortex reduction apparatus for use with airfoils are disclosed. An example vortex reduction apparatus includes a housing to couple to a tip of an airfoil. The housing defines a volute fluid flow passageway between an inlet and an outlet. The volute fluid flow passageway is structured to induce a rotational fluid flow in a first rotational direction opposite a second rotational direction of a shed vortex induced at the tip of the airfoil during flight.

The disclosed non-limiting embodiment provides important improvements in aircraft performance in short rejected takeoff systems by automatically detecting whether the speed of the aircraft does not exceed Vshort, where Vshort>V1; automatically detecting whether one of said plural engines has failed during takeoff while the aircraft is still in contact with the ground; and if the aircraft speed does not exceed vshort and an engine has failed, automatically performing an autonomous abort takeoff sequence to allow an improved takeoff weight in case of a single engine failure autonomously rejected takeoff. The aircraft's take off weight increase leads to increased payload or fuel quantity. The Payload increase allows for increased passenger and/or cargo capability. The fuel quantity increased allows the aircraft to achieve greater ranges. An aircraft provided with the proposed system, which reduces accelerate-stop distance, may then operate in shorter runways as compared to the prior art.

The disclosed non-limiting embodiment provides important improvements in aircraft performance in short rejected takeoff systems by automatically detecting whether the speed of the aircraft does not exceed Vshort, where Vshort>V1; automatically detecting whether one of said plural engines has failed during takeoff while the aircraft is still in contact with the ground; and if the aircraft speed does not exceed vshort and an engine has failed, automatically performing an autonomous abort takeoff sequence to allow an improved takeoff weight in case of a single engine failure autonomously rejected takeoff. The aircraft's take off weight increase leads to increased payload or fuel quantity. The Payload increase allows for increased passenger and/or cargo capability. The fuel quantity increased allows the aircraft to achieve greater ranges. An aircraft provided with the proposed system, which reduces accelerate-stop distance, may then operate in shorter runways as compared to the prior art.

A method of using a split winglet includes providing an aircraft having a winglet attach fitting attaching a split winglet to a wing. The split winglet has an upper winglet and a lower winglet. The method additionally includes maintaining the winglet attach fitting and winglet at a first height relative to a fuselage when the aircraft is non-flying, and moving the winglet attach fitting and winglet to a second height relative to the fuselage when the aircraft is flying, the second height being higher than the first height.

A method of using a split winglet includes providing an aircraft having a winglet attach fitting attaching a split winglet to a wing. The split winglet has an upper winglet and a lower winglet. The method additionally includes maintaining the winglet attach fitting and winglet at a first height relative to a fuselage when the aircraft is non-flying, and moving the winglet attach fitting and winglet to a second height relative to the fuselage when the aircraft is flying, the second height being higher than the first height.

A tip structure for an aircraft airfoil, such as a control surface (ailerons, flaps, elevators, rudders, etc) and/or a lifting surface (wings, HTP's, VTP's) is a unitary body and includes a tip shell and a metallic material on the outer surface of the tip shell suitable to withstand a lighting strike. The tip shell has been obtained by a single-stage injection molding process using a thermoplastic composite material having fibers dispersed therein, and the metallic material has been integrally formed with the tip shell.