A wing unit is used in a wing flapping apparatus to perform a swinging motion to thereby generate levitation force. The wing unit includes a nonwoven fabric that forms a wing surface; a frame body overlaid on the nonwoven fabric and extending along the wing surface; and a resin material disposed in a cavity included in the nonwoven fabric to integrate the nonwoven fabric and the frame body with each other. According to this configuration, a light-weight and high-strength wing unit that produces a suppressed wing flapping noise, a wing flapping apparatus including the wing unit, and a method of manufacturing the wing unit are provided.

An ornithopter includes a main wing mounted on a fuselage. The main wing includes a main spar extending outwardly from the fuselage, and a rib extending rearwardly from the main spar. The rib has an S-shaped camber.

An ornithopter includes a main wing mounted on a fuselage. The main wing includes a main spar extending outwardly from the fuselage, and a rib extending rearwardly from the main spar. The rib has an S-shaped camber.

An ornithopter includes a main wing mounted on a fuselage, and a control system configured to control a flapping motion of the main wing. The main wing includes an inner spar, an outer spar, and a wrist portion disposed between the inner spar and the outer spar and which varies a bending angle, which is a relative angle between the inner spar and the outer spar, within a predetermined angle range. The control system includes an actuator which performs a raising motion and a lowering motion of the inner spar by moving the inner spar in an upward direction and in a downward direction, an angle sensor which measures the bending angle, and a control unit which controls the actuator to move the inner spar in response to the measured bending angle.

An ornithopter includes a main wing mounted on a fuselage, and a control system configured to control a flapping motion of the main wing. The main wing includes an inner spar, an outer spar, and a wrist portion disposed between the inner spar and the outer spar and which varies a bending angle, which is a relative angle between the inner spar and the outer spar, within a predetermined angle range. The control system includes an actuator which performs a raising motion and a lowering motion of the inner spar by moving the inner spar in an upward direction and in a downward direction, an angle sensor which measures the bending angle, and a control unit which controls the actuator to move the inner spar in response to the measured bending angle.

A display system of an aircraft, able to display a horizon line able to be deformed and related method are provided. The display system includes a display unit; and an assembly for generating a display on the display unit, able to dynamically display, on the display unit, at least one horizon line and a slope scale relative to the horizon line. Upon approaching a landing strip, the display generator is able to create, on the horizon line, a region that is deformed as a function of the topographical slope of the landing strip approached by the aircraft.

A display system of an aircraft, able to display a horizon line able to be deformed and related method are provided. The display system includes a display unit; and an assembly for generating a display on the display unit, able to dynamically display, on the display unit, at least one horizon line and a slope scale relative to the horizon line. Upon approaching a landing strip, the display generator is able to create, on the horizon line, a region that is deformed as a function of the topographical slope of the landing strip approached by the aircraft.

A dragonfly-like miniature four-winged ornithopter includes: a fuselage (101), two front flapping wings (102), two front wing connectors (103) with first connecting rods, two rear flapping wings (104), two rear wing connectors (105) with second connecting rods, a driving gear (106), a shaft gear (107), a first-stage gear (108), two second-stage gears (109) with third connecting rods, two third-stage gears (114) with fourth connecting rods, two front ball joint connecting rods (110), two rear ball joint connecting rods (111), two steering engine connecting rods (112), two steer engines (113), and a brushless direct current motor.

A method for realizing a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that does not use a mechanism dedicated for take-off and landing, which cannot be achieved on the basis of an existing concept of aircraft flight control, by introducing a new concept of a shoulder rotational axis and an arm rotational axis into aircraft flight control and controlling vertical take-off and landing and ordinary flight with the same mechanism. This instruction eliminates a necessity of a tail and ailerons from an airframe of the aircraft, enables reduction of manufacturing, maintenance, and running costs thereof, and makes it possible to avoid problems of maneuverability and cruising distance performance of airframes of vertical take-off and landing aircrafts.

The invention relates to a flight system having at least two actuated flapping wings (2), an actuated tail unit (9), a control device and an exoskeleton (1) for at least one person. The exoskeleton (1) is movable independently of the flapping wings (2). The control device is configured to receive motion sensor signals from the exoskeleton (1) and to use the motion sensor signals to define specified movement signals and to control the flapping wings (2) and/or the tail unit (9) by way of the specified movement signals. The specified movement signals can be defined such that the movements of the flapping wings (2) and/or of the tail unit (9) follow those of the exoskeleton (1).