A ram air turbine (RAT) actuator includes a housing and a piston in operable communication with the housing and at least one damping orifice in operable communication with the housing and the piston, a flow area of the at least one damping orifice being alterable to adjust damping of movement between the piston and the housing in response to changes in viscosity of a fluid related to temperature.

A locking mechanism for releasably locking a lock bolt against axial movement includes a solenoid assembly arranged, in use, in proximity to an axially moveable lock bolt. The solenoid assembly includes: a solenoid, a solenoid bias spring and a solenoid plunger having a plunger tip. When the solenoid is energised, the bias spring causes the solenoid plunger to move to bring the plunger tip into locking engagement with the lock bolt to prevent axial movement thereof, and when the solenoid is not energised, the solenoid bias spring causes the solenoid plunger to move to bring the plunger tip out of locking engagement with the lock bolt thus permitting axial movement thereof.

A locking mechanism for releasably locking a lock bolt against axial movement, the mechanism comprising an axially moveable member, arranged to move axially with the lock bolt biasing means, arranged to bias the piston towards the lock bolt; rotation means in threaded engagement with the piston such that rotation of the rotation means causes axial movement of the piston, and a solenoid assembly arranged to prevent rotation of said rotation means in a locked state, the solenoid assembly comprising: a solenoid plunger having a solenoid tip and a solenoid arranged to cause movement of the solenoid plunger relative to the rotation means, the solenoid assembly arranged such that in a locked state the solenoid causes the solenoid tip to engage with the rotation means such as to prevent rotation thereof, thus preventing axial movement of the piston.

A heat exchanger includes a plate with an external surface, a channel, and a nozzle. The external surface bounds an interior of the plate. The channel is disposed in the heat exchanger and passes through a portion of the interior. The nozzle is integrally disposed in the heat exchanger, extends through a portion of the external surface, and is fluidly connected to the channel. The nozzle is configured to transport a liquid from the channel, through the external surface, and to distribute the liquid onto a portion of the heat exchanger.

A ram air turbine rotor comprises at least one intra-flow path shroud structure coupled between rotor blades, along a radial position between a support disc and an outer rim. The shroud structure includes shroud sectors each coupled between a respective pair of blades. The sectors each include a first edge adjacent to leading edges of the respective pair of blades, the first edge including a first curved segment, and a second edge adjacent to trailing edges of the respective pair of blades, the second edge including a second curved segment. The curved segments are each partially defined by a respective ellipse having a semi-major axis and a semi-minor axis. The semi-major axis is a portion of a spanwise distance between the respective pair of blades. The semi-minor axis is a portion of an axial distance between the leading edge of one blade and the trailing edge of an adjacent blade.

An integrally bladed rotor includes a rotor disk, rotor blade, internal channel and air outlets. The rotor blade includes a body defined by a pressure surface and suction surface between a leading edge and a trailing edge. The internal channel extends radially from the rotor disk internally within the body of the rotor blade. The air outlets are formed proximate the leading edge and extend within the body of the rotor blade to the internal channel.

An integrally bladed rotor includes a rotor disk, rotor blade, internal channel and air outlets. The rotor blade includes a body defined by a pressure surface and suction surface between a leading edge and a trailing edge. The internal channel extends radially from the rotor disk internally within the body of the rotor blade. The air outlets are formed proximate the leading edge and extend within the body of the rotor blade to the internal channel.

A cooling system of a vehicle includes an inlet for receiving a medium. A turbine is fluidly connected to the inlet. A coupling mechanism is operably coupled to the turbine by a shaft. The medium is ram air.

A ram air fan and fan bypass shutoff check valve assembly includes a ram air fan configured to draw an airflow through a fan inlet, and a ram fan bypass duct positioned downstream of the ram air fan. The ram fan bypass duct includes a valve assembly configured to selectably direct the airflow through the ram air fan when the valve assembly is in an open position, and direct the airflow through a bypass duct thereby bypassing the ram air fan when the valve assembly is in a closed position.

Heat exchange systems for aircraft are provided. The heat exchange systems include an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold with a direction of flow being upstream at the inlet manifold and downstream at the outlet manifold, a first heat exchanger core arranged between the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold and located adjacent the inlet manifold, a second heat exchanger core arranged downstream of the first heat exchanger core, a third heat exchanger core arranged downstream of the second heat exchanger core and located adjacent the outlet manifold, wherein the third heat exchanger core is fluidly connected to the first heat exchanger core, and a control system operably connected to the first heat exchanger core and the third heat exchanger core, wherein the control system is arranged to direct a fluid between the first and third heat exchanger cores.