An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (200, 300, 400, 700, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500) can include a central body (202, 302, 402, 702, 802, 1002, 1202, 1502), a plurality of rotors, and a plurality of arms (204, 306, 406, 706, 806, 1006, 1206, 1506) extending from the central body (202, 302, 402, 702, 802, 1002, 1202, 1502), where each arm of the plurality of arms (204, 306, 406, 706, 806, 1006, 1206, 1506) is configured to support one or more of the plurality of rotors. The UAV may include at least one sensor (208, 318, 418, 718, 818, 822, 1022, 1218, 1222, 1518) located on the UAV (200, 300, 400, 700, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500) outside of a keep-out zone, where the keep-out zone is defined at least in part by (1) a plurality of rotor disks, a rotor disk of the plurality of rotor disks for each of the plurality of rotors, each rotor disk corresponding to an area that is swept by one or more rotor blades (206, 308, 408, 708, 808, 1008, 1208, 1508) of a corresponding rotor when the rotor blades (206, 308, 408, 708, 808, 1008, 1208, 1508) are spun, and (2) a shape that is formed by adjoining respective centers of adjacent rotor disks.

The present disclosure provides various embodiments of a multicopter-assisted launch and retrieval system generally including: (1) a multi-rotor modular multicopter attachable to (and detachable from) a fixed-wing aircraft to facilitate launch of the fixed-wing aircraft into wing-borne flight; (2) a storage and launch system usable to store the modular multicopter and to facilitate launch of the fixed-wing aircraft into wing-borne flight; and (3) an anchor system usable (along with the multicopter and a flexible capture member) to retrieve the fixed-wing aircraft from wing-borne flight.

An aircraft has an airframe with a distributed thrust array attached thereto that includes a plurality of propulsion assemblies each of which is independently controlled by a flight control system. Each propulsion assembly includes a housing with a single axis gimbal coupled thereto and operable to tilt about a single axis. A propulsion system is coupled to and operable to tilt with the gimbal. The propulsion system includes an electric motor having an output drive and a rotor assembly having a plurality of rotor blades that rotate in a rotational plane to generate thrust having a thrust vector with a direction. Actuation of each gimbal is operable to tilt the respective propulsion system including the electric motor and the rotor assembly relative to the airframe to change the rotational plane of the respective rotor assembly relative to the airframe, thereby controlling the direction of the respective thrust vector.

Multi-stage reduction of impact forces are disclosed. An example apparatus to reduce impact energy of an aircraft during landing includes a rotatable landing leg having a proximal end near an axis of rotation and a distal end opposite the proximal end, a first flexible portion of the proximal end, where the first flexible portion is to engage a first engaging portion at a first rotation angle of the rotatable landing leg, and a second flexible portion of the distal end, where the second flexible portion is to engage a second engaging portion at a second rotation angle of the rotatable landing leg.

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) includes a power system providing flight power to the UAV and a frame assembly supporting the power system and including a center frame and an arm assembly. The arm assembly includes an arm connected with the center frame, a deformation rod, and a support rod parallel to the arm. Two ends of the deformation rod are rotatably connected with the arm and the support rod, respectively. The support rod is configured to move translationally relative to the arm while remaining parallel to the arm, so as to be selectively in a folded state or an unfolded state. Each of two ends of the deformation rod forms a first or a second preset angle with one of the arm and the support rod when the support rod is in the folded or unfolded state. The second preset angle is smaller than the first preset angle.

An aircraft has a propulsion unit and a fuselage unit. The propulsion unit has a first rotor for providing a propulsion force on the aircraft. The fuselage unit extends along a rotation axis of the first rotor and has a rotationally symmetrical shape with respect to the rotation axis of the first rotor. The fuselage unit has a suspension at a first end by which the fuselage unit is coupled to the first rotor so that the fuselage unit is spaced apart from the first rotor along the rotation axis. A detection unit for the detection of environmental information is provided in the area of a second end of the fuselage unit. The propulsion unit is designed to keep the aircraft in a hovering flight condition so that a relative position of the aircraft with respect to a reference point on the Earth's surface remains unchanged.

Devices and systems of the inventive concept provide a durable, all-weather manned or unmanned aircraft that is capable of vertical flight and provides improved stability upon payload launch or delivery. The payload bay is positioned along the central axis of the aircraft and proximal to the aircraft's center of gravity. Control and fuel systems are positioned fore and aft of the payload bay, respectively. The payload bay is configured to store and deliver a wide variety of payload types. The aircraft also includes features that reduce vibration, prolong the interval between necessary maintenance, and permit all-weather operation.

An aircraft has an airframe with a distributed thrust array attached thereto that includes a plurality of propulsion assemblies each of which is independently controlled by a flight control system. Each propulsion assembly includes a housing with a gimbal coupled thereto and operable to tilt about a single axis. A propulsion system is coupled to and operable to tilt with the gimbal. The propulsion system includes an electric motor having an output drive and a rotor assembly having a plurality of rotor blades that rotate in a rotational plane to generate thrust having a thrust vector with a magnitude in the longitudinal direction. Actuation of each gimbal is operable to tilt the respective propulsion system relative to the airframe in the longitudinal direction to change the rotational plane of the respective rotor assembly relative to the airframe, thereby controlling the magnitude of the respective thrust vector in the longitudinal direction.

The present disclosure provides various embodiments of a multicopter-assisted launch and retrieval system generally including: (1) a multi-rotor modular multicopter attachable to (and detachable from) a fixed-wing aircraft to facilitate launch of the fixed-wing aircraft into wing-borne flight; (2) a storage and launch system usable to store the modular multicopter and to facilitate launch of the fixed-wing aircraft into wing-borne flight; and (3) an anchor system usable (along with the multicopter and a flexible capture member) to retrieve the fixed-wing aircraft from wing-borne flight.

A system for automatically adjusting a baseline of an imaging system for stereoscopic imaging and methods for making and using same. The imaging system includes a plurality of imaging devices that cooperate via a baseline adjustment mechanism. The imaging devices can acquire images of an object of interest and ascertain an object distance between the stereoscopic imaging system and the object of interest using triangulation. Based on the object distance, the baseline adjustment mechanism automatically adjusts a baseline between any pair of imaging devices. The baseline can be reduced when the object of interest is proximate to the imaging system and can be increased when the object of interest is distal. Once the baseline has been adjusted, one or more extrinsic parameters of the imaging devices are calibrated using a two-step optimization method. The imaging system is suitable for use aboard a mobile platform such as an unmanned aerial vehicle.