A valve for a packaging container includes at least one base film (10) with an opening (11), at least one frame film (13) encompassing a free region (17), wherein the frame film (13) is connected to the base film (10), wherein at least one membrane (12) is provided, which is arranged on the base film (10) and covers the opening (11), wherein a fluid is provided between the membrane (12) and the base film (10), wherein the membrane (12) is arranged movably within the free region (17) on the base film (10).

A valve for a packaging container is proposed, wherein the valve comprises at least one base film (10) with an opening (11), at least one frame film (13) encompassing a free region (17), and at least one membrane (12) which is arranged on the base film (10) and covers the opening (11), wherein a fluid is provided between the membrane (12) and the base film (10), wherein the membrane (12) is connected to a surrounding film (20) via at least one connection region (22), the surrounding film (20) being connected on one side to the base film (10) and on its other side to the frame film (13) and the membrane (12) being arranged movably within the free region (17), wherein the surrounding film (20) is open at least in one point, such that a channel (18) is formed.

A wrapper and three-dimensional package for toasted and other hot food items that includes a sheet with an array of perforations extending through the sheet material between an inner face of the sheet material adapted to contact the food item, and an opposite, outer face of the sheet material. Spicules are formed from the sheet material surrounding each of the perforations and extending away from the inner face of the sheet material. The spicules form standoffs defining an air gap between the food item and the sheet material when the food item is contained in the wrapper, with the spicules engaging an outer surface of the food item to enable lateral migration of steam from the food item, along the air gap and through the perforations.

A wrapper and three-dimensional package for toasted and other hot food items that includes a sheet with an array of perforations extending through the sheet material between an inner face of the sheet material adapted to contact the food item, and an opposite, outer face of the sheet material. Spicules are formed from the sheet material surrounding each of the perforations and extending away from the inner face of the sheet material. The spicules form standoffs defining an air gap between the food item and the sheet material when the food item is contained in the wrapper, with the spicules engaging an outer surface of the food item to enable lateral migration of steam from the food item, along the air gap and through the perforations.

A paper bag with an easy-to-tear structure, the bag body is provided with a first and second bag body parts, and the opposite inner surfaces of the first bag body part and the second bag body part There are respectively a first tear line and a second tear line opposite to each other. By eating the food above the body of the bag, the first bag body part and the second bag body part are torn off relative to the first tear line and the second tear line, so that the lower part of the food can be relatively positioned on the bag body. The opening position is convenient for the user to eat, and it can avoid the hand being stained with oil when the food is drawn upward, so as to achieve the effect of good structure, function and convenience of use.

A paper bag with an easy-to-tear structure, the bag body is provided with a first and second bag body parts, and the opposite inner surfaces of the first bag body part and the second bag body part There are respectively a first tear line and a second tear line opposite to each other. By eating the food above the body of the bag, the first bag body part and the second bag body part are torn off relative to the first tear line and the second tear line, so that the lower part of the food can be relatively positioned on the bag body. The opening position is convenient for the user to eat, and it can avoid the hand being stained with oil when the food is drawn upward, so as to achieve the effect of good structure, function and convenience of use.

The invention discloses a liquid transport system and a liner bag and a method of using the same. The liquid transport system includes a intermediate bulk container and a liner bag, wherein the intermediate bulk container includes a base and a side wall mounted to the base, the base is provided with a valve port, and the liner bag includes a liner bag body and a discharge port. The liner bag body is formed by hermetically welding a front panel and a rear panel along the periphery thereof, and the discharge port is hermetically connected to the liner bag body, and the distance between an edge of the discharge port and a weld line of the liner bag body is set to a minimum. The liner bag is placed in the intermediate bulk container and the discharge port of the liner bag is installed in the valve port. The liner bag is arranged in such a manner that after the liner bag is filled, a plane where the weld lines are located is perpendicular to the base. The liquid transport system and liner bag of the present invention are simple to manufacture and facilitate the discharge of liquids, particularly viscous liquids, contained therein.

The invention discloses a liquid transport system and a liner bag and a method of using the same. The liquid transport system includes a intermediate bulk container and a liner bag, wherein the intermediate bulk container includes a base and a side wall mounted to the base, the base is provided with a valve port, and the liner bag includes a liner bag body and a discharge port. The liner bag body is formed by hermetically welding a front panel and a rear panel along the periphery thereof, and the discharge port is hermetically connected to the liner bag body, and the distance between an edge of the discharge port and a weld line of the liner bag body is set to a minimum. The liner bag is placed in the intermediate bulk container and the discharge port of the liner bag is installed in the valve port. The liner bag is arranged in such a manner that after the liner bag is filled, a plane where the weld lines are located is perpendicular to the base. The liquid transport system and liner bag of the present invention are simple to manufacture and facilitate the discharge of liquids, particularly viscous liquids, contained therein.

Metastable state spore incubation mixing systems are described. An example system includes a spores container to store spores, a nutrient container to store nutrients, a water supply line, a syringe tank, a syringe pump, an adjustable valve, a heater, and a controller. In a drawing phase of the system, a controller can cause the syringe pump and the adjustable valve to draw into the syringe tank a volume of spores, nutrients, and water to form a mixture. The controller causes the heater to heat the mixture for a period of time. In a dispensing phase of the system, the controller can cause the syringe pump to expel the mixture through the adjustable valve and into a water distribution system. The controller can direct the system through a number of other phases of operation.

Metastable state spore incubation mixing systems are described. An example system includes a spores container to store spores, a nutrient container to store nutrients, a water supply line, a syringe tank, a syringe pump, an adjustable valve, a heater, and a controller. In a drawing phase of the system, a controller can cause the syringe pump and the adjustable valve to draw into the syringe tank a volume of spores, nutrients, and water to form a mixture. The controller causes the heater to heat the mixture for a period of time. In a dispensing phase of the system, the controller can cause the syringe pump to expel the mixture through the adjustable valve and into a water distribution system. The controller can direct the system through a number of other phases of operation.