A cryogenic tank car tank includes an outer tank, an inner tank positioned within the outer tank, an inner nozzle, and inner manway plate, an outer nozzle, and an outer manway plate. The inner nozzle defines an opening in the inner tank. The inner manway plate is welded to the inner nozzle and covers the opening in the inner tank. The outer nozzle defines an opening in the outer tank and is positioned above the inner nozzle, such that the inner manway plate is accessible through the outer nozzle. The outer manway plate couples to an upper edge of the outer nozzle to cover the opening in the outer tank. In response to applying the vacuum to the annular space between the inner and outer tanks, a differential pressure between the annular space and a space external to the outer tank secures the outer manway plate to the outer nozzle.

A cryogenic railway tank car includes an outer tank, an inner tank positioned within the outer tank, an internal nozzle, and a pipe. The inner tank includes a shell that defines an opening. The internal nozzle is coupled to the inner tank at least along a perimeter of the opening and extends in a radial direction through the opening and into the inner tank. A space defined by an interior surface of the outer tank, an exterior surface of the inner tank, and an interior surface of the nozzle is configured to hold a vacuum. The pipe is configured to transport the fluid between an exterior of the outer tank and the interior of the inner tank. At least a portion of the pipe extends from the outer tank to the inner tank through at least a portion of the nozzle.

Systems and methods can control refrigeration within a refrigerated freight container. Thermal sensor nodes can be positioned within the freight container. Temperature measurements can be wirelessly relayed from the sensor nodes to a gateway associated with the freight container. The received temperature measurements can be aggregated and logged at the gateway. Thermal models of the freight container and associated cargo loads can be established in response to the logged temperature measurements and loading plan for the foreign container. The refrigeration system can be controlled in response to processing the thermal models. The refrigeration system can be controlled to optimize compliance parameters associated with the cargo loads.

A system is provided and includes refrigerated storage containers (20), local controllers (30) respectively coupled with corresponding refrigerated storage containers (20) to control operations thereof in accordance with controller parameters and a supervisory controller (40). The supervisory controller (40) is configured to issue control commands to the local controllers (30) based on respective responses of the refrigerated storage containers (20) to local controller control.

A modular subsea fluid storage unit has a variable-volume inner tank having a rigid top panel and a peripheral wall that is flexible by virtue of concertina formation. The peripheral wall is extensible and retractable vertically while the horizontal width of the tank remains substantially unchanged. A side wall of a lower housing part surrounds and is spaced horizontally from the peripheral wall of the inner tank to define a floodable gap between the peripheral wall and the side wall that surrounds the tank. An upper housing part extends over and is vertically spaced from the top panel of the inner tank and overlaps the side wall to enclose the inner tank. The floodable gap and the upper housing part enhance thermal insulation and trap any fluids that may leak from the inner tank.

Atmospheric control valve device, part of an atmospheric control system built into a refrigerated container, whose installation requires minimal intervention and is self-sufficient, compact and reusable due to its long, cylindrical body that includes a battery compartment. The body also has a compartment for the electrical, electronic and sensor elements; a handling compartment for the elements that handle the device; a cover area to cover the container after removing the device; and a gas exchange compartment for two-way gas exchanges, controlled by a solenoid valve and by the differences in pressure that occur naturally within the refrigerated container.

Atmospheric control valve device, part of an atmospheric control system built into a refrigerated container, whose installation requires minimal intervention and is self-sufficient, compact and reusable due to its long, cylindrical body that includes a battery compartment. The body also has a compartment for the electrical, electronic and sensor elements; a handling compartment for the elements that handle the device; a cover area to cover the container after removing the device; and a gas exchange compartment for two-way gas exchanges, controlled by a solenoid valve and by the differences in pressure that occur naturally within the refrigerated container.

A refrigerated storage container is provided and includes a container housing defining an interior in which cargo is storable, a condenser configured to receive air to remove heat from a refrigerant passing through the condenser, a condenser air inlet receptive of the air, a condenser air outlet configured to direct air exhausted from the condenser away from the condenser air inlet and a reefer air outlet configured to direct conditioned air exhausted from the interior toward the condenser air inlet.

An energy storage system includes a plurality of battery strings, each battery string including a plurality of batteries coupled electrically together; a plurality of temperature sensors; an enclosure housing the plurality of battery strings and the temperature sensors; a plurality of fans positioned in different locations within the enclosure; and a temperature control system. The temperature control system includes a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) components, and a controller. The controller is programmed to execute the method that includes determining fan speed operating commands based at least in part on sensed temperatures at the different locations, and operating the fan speed in response to the operating commands provided to the respective fans.

An energy storage system includes a DC bus; a plurality of battery strings, each battery string comprising batteries coupled electrically together; a plurality of DC/DC converters electrically coupling respective battery strings to the DC bus; an enclosure housing the battery strings and the DC/DC converters; and a temperature control system. The temperature control system includes at least one heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, and a controller. The controller is programmed to execute a method of predicting heat loads for respective battery strings within the enclosure, wherein the heat loads comprise external heat loads and internal heat loads; determining one or both of DC/DC converter operating commands and HVAC operating commands based on the respective predicted heat loads to control the actual heat loads of the respective battery strings; and operating one or both of the DC/DC converter and the HVAC system in response to at least one of the DC/DC converter operating commands and the HVAC operating commands.