A spool comprises a three-dimensional substrate and a core. The three-dimensional substrate comprises a plurality of projections extending outwardly from a plane of the substrate. The spool comprises a first plurality of spirally wound portions and a first plurality of helically wound portions. The substrate is spirally wound around the core to form each spirally wound portion of the first plurality of spirally wound portions. The spirally wound portions of the first plurality of spirally wound portions are located next to each other along a longitudinal axis of the core between a first transversal side edge of the core and a second transversal side edge of the core. The substrate is helically wound around the core along the longitudinal axis of the core to form each helically wound portion. Each helically wound portion extends between two adjacent spirally wound portions of the first plurality of spirally wound portions.

A spool comprises a three-dimensional substrate and a core. The three-dimensional substrate comprises a plurality of projections extending outwardly from a plane of the substrate. The spool comprises a first plurality of spirally wound portions and a first plurality of helically wound portions. The substrate is spirally wound around the core to form each spirally wound portion of the first plurality of spirally wound portions. The spirally wound portions of the first plurality of spirally wound portions are located next to each other along a longitudinal axis of the core between a first transversal side edge of the core and a second transversal side edge of the core. The substrate is helically wound around the core along the longitudinal axis of the core to form each helically wound portion. Each helically wound portion extends between two adjacent spirally wound portions of the first plurality of spirally wound portions.

A material roll includes a core made from expanded metal, and a first sheet of material wound a plurality of times over the core.

A material roll includes a core made from expanded metal, and a first sheet of material wound a plurality of times over the core.

In rolls of winding equipment in a hot-rolling factory, each roll includes a lower cladding layer formed on the surface of the roll barrel and a self-fluxing alloy layer formed on the lower cladding layer by thermal spraying and containing carbide particles dispersed therein. The lower cladding layer includes an Fe-based cladding layer which has a Shore hardness of 60 or greater and which contains, in terms of mass %, 0.1-0.4 C, up to 2.0 Si, up to 3.0 Mn, 1.0-15.0 Cr, and 2.5-5.0 Ni. The lower cladding layer further contains one or more of Mo, V, and Co, the contents of Mo, V, and Co being 0.1-5.0 mass %, 0.1-3.0 mass %, and 0.5-5.0 mass %, respectively.

In rolls of winding equipment in a hot-rolling factory, each roll includes a lower cladding layer formed on the surface of the roll barrel and a self-fluxing alloy layer formed on the lower cladding layer by thermal spraying and containing carbide particles dispersed therein. The lower cladding layer includes an Fe-based cladding layer which has a Shore hardness of 60 or greater and which contains, in terms of mass %, 0.1-0.4 C, up to 2.0 Si, up to 3.0 Mn, 1.0-15.0 Cr, and 2.5-5.0 Ni. The lower cladding layer further contains one or more of Mo, V, and Co, the contents of Mo, V, and Co being 0.1-5.0 mass %, 0.1-3.0 mass %, and 0.5-5.0 mass %, respectively.

An adjustable system for forming a cushioning pad of a customized size, using a flexible material, includes a handle grip, a first extended portion attached to and extending away from the handle grip, a second extended portion slidably attached to the first extended portion and extending in parallel to the first extended portion, and a locking mechanism for locking the second extended portion in a fixed position relative to the first extended portion such that a separation between a first edge of the first extended portion and a second edge of the second extended portion is adjustable to the customize size. The first and second extended portions are configured for accommodating the flexible material to be wrapped a plurality of times around the first and second extended portions to form the cushioning pad having the customized size.

An adjustable system for forming a cushioning pad of a customized size, using a flexible material, includes a handle grip, a first extended portion attached to and extending away from the handle grip, a second extended portion slidably attached to the first extended portion and extending in parallel to the first extended portion, and a locking mechanism for locking the second extended portion in a fixed position relative to the first extended portion such that a separation between a first edge of the first extended portion and a second edge of the second extended portion is adjustable to the customize size. The first and second extended portions are configured for accommodating the flexible material to be wrapped a plurality of times around the first and second extended portions to form the cushioning pad having the customized size.

An apparatus for protecting and dispensing sheet material comprised of a semi-flexible sheet is disclosed. The semi-flexible sheet may be radially collapsed into a cylindrical shape to cover and protect a roll of sheet material. The semi-flexible sheet comprises a leading end and a distal end. When the semi-flexible sheet is radially collapsed over the roll of sheet material, the leading end covers the distal end and a portion of the semi-flexible sheet creating a gap, the sheet may be positioned in the gap created and allows the sheet material to pass between the leading end and the distal end for dispensing. The semi-flexible sheet may continue to radially collapse via the use of attachment mechanisms, as the sheet material is dispensed, applying pressure to the roll of sheet material. The semi-flexible sheet may further comprise a gripping surface located along the leading end to cut sheet material when necessary.

A method and apparatus for the production of wound elements. The method comprising: providing a plurality of first electrical web elements; disposing at least one of the first electrical web elements upon a conveying element, wherein a first or second face of the disposed first electrical web elements is disposed in a face to face relationship with the conveying element; providing a plurality of second electrical web elements; disposing at least one of the second electrical web elements upon the conveying element at a predetermined spacing from the disposed first electrical web elements and in a face to face relationship with the conveying element, wherein the predetermined spacing is at least as long as the length of the first electrical web element; and disposing an electrically insulating separator web element in a face to face relationship with the disposed electrical web elements.