The invention presented and described comprises an apparatus for mounting flat data carriers (1) on a continuous carrier web (2), having a data carrier supply device (3), a data carrier transfer device (4) and a carrier web positioning device (5), wherein the supply device (3) has a drive roller (6), a deflector (7) arranged substantially horizontally spaced apart from the drive roller (6) and at least one carrying belt (8) which runs around the drive roller (6) and deflector (7), wherein the carrying belt (8) has an upper run (9) which runs substantially horizontally in the feed direction of the data carriers (1), and a lower run (10) which runs in the opposite direction below said upper run, wherein the upper run (9) forms a transport path (11) for the data carrier (1) and is hydraulically connected to a suction box (12) which is arranged beneath in such a way that data carriers (1) which are located on the upper run (9) can be drawn by suction onto the carrying belt (8) by negative pressure, wherein the transfer device (4) has a transfer roller (14), which is provided with intake openings (13) on the circumference and which is hydraulically connected to a negative pressure source in such a way that data carriers (1) located on the outer casing of the transfer roller (14) can be drawn by suction onto the outer casing by negative pressure, wherein the transfer roller (14) has an entry region (15) which is adjacent to the suction box (12) of the supply device (3) and an exit region (16), which is spaced apart from the entry region (15) by a specific angle and is adjacent to the positioning device (5), and wherein at the exit region (16) of the transfer roller (14), a data carrier (1) which is located there on the outer casing of the transfer roller (14) can be transferred onto the carrier web (2).

A paper folding machine comprising folding mechanisms (11, 15, 24) arranged at folding positions (A-C) on a transport path (1), respectively, guides (8, 19, 20, 28, 29) positioning a paper sheet (F) relative to the folding positions by engagement with at least one side edge of the paper sheet, stoppers (12, 15, 25) stopping and positioning the paper sheet at the folding positions by bringing a leading edge of the paper sheet into contact with the stoppers, a fold misalignment detection unit (50) detecting a fold misalignment amount of the paper sheet for each folding position, and a controller (42) controlling positions of the guides and stoppers. The controller calculates, for each folding position, an average fold misalignment amount, and adjusts the position of the guide and/or stopper associated with the corresponding folding position so as to correct fold misalignment corresponding to the average fold misalignment amount.

A system for wear and aging evaluation of a paper-based resource described herein is structured for determining a fitness state of a physical body structure of a paper resource item and for adaptive processing of the paper resource item in accordance with the fitness state. Specifically, the system comprises an item transfer unit configured to receive one or more paper resource items and a scanning device structured to retrieve a fitness state of a paper resource item from a physical state sensing component of the paper resource item. The system is structured to adaptively process the paper resource item based on determining whether (i) a wear level and (ii) an item age level of the paper resource item are associated with either a fit item type or an unfit item type.

A system for wear and aging evaluation of a paper-based resource described herein is structured for determining a fitness state of a physical body structure of a paper resource item and for adaptive processing of the paper resource item in accordance with the fitness state. Specifically, the system comprises an item transfer unit configured to receive one or more paper resource items and a scanning device structured to retrieve a fitness state of a paper resource item from a physical state sensing component of the paper resource item. The system is structured to adaptively process the paper resource item based on determining whether (i) a wear level and (ii) an item age level of the paper resource item are associated with either a fit item type or an unfit item type.

Certain examples described herein relate to a buffer unit for a printing system. In certain cases, a measurement device is used to obtain measurement data representing an optical property of a printed image on a substrate. A buffer unit receives the substrate downstream of the measurement device and places the substrate in a queue. In certain cases, a controller determines, based on the measurement data, whether the printed image comprises a defect. Responsive to determining that the printed image does not comprise a defect, the controller causes the substrate to be moved from the buffer unit to an output stack. Responsive to determining that the printed image comprises a defect, the controller causes the substrate to not be moved to the output stack.

Certain examples described herein relate to a buffer unit for a printing system. In certain cases, a measurement device is used to obtain measurement data representing an optical property of a printed image on a substrate. A buffer unit receives the substrate downstream of the measurement device and places the substrate in a queue. In certain cases, a controller determines, based on the measurement data, whether the printed image comprises a defect. Responsive to determining that the printed image does not comprise a defect, the controller causes the substrate to be moved from the buffer unit to an output stack. Responsive to determining that the printed image comprises a defect, the controller causes the substrate to not be moved to the output stack.

An image forming apparatus includes a conveyance unit, a detection unit, and a determination unit. The conveyance unit conveys a sheet. The detection unit detects a sound that emanates when the conveyance unit operates. The determination unit performs state determination. In a case where a volume of a sound detected by the detection unit is not higher than or equal to a predetermined sound volume, the determination unit determines that the conveyance unit is not normally operating. In a case where the detected sound volume is higher than or equal to the predetermined sound volume, the determination unit determines that the conveyance unit is normally operating.

An image forming apparatus includes a conveyance unit, a detection unit, and a determination unit. The conveyance unit conveys a sheet. The detection unit detects a sound that emanates when the conveyance unit operates. The determination unit performs state determination. In a case where a volume of a sound detected by the detection unit is not higher than or equal to a predetermined sound volume, the determination unit determines that the conveyance unit is not normally operating. In a case where the detected sound volume is higher than or equal to the predetermined sound volume, the determination unit determines that the conveyance unit is normally operating.

An example of the claim method includes, in response to detecting a rejected media unit, directing a media feed path towards a reject area. The method includes depositing the rejected media unit into the reject area. The reject area is defined by a cassette surface on a body of the ribbon cassette. The ribbon cassette is unable to be removed from the media processing device until the rejected media unit is removed from the cassette surface.

An example of the claim method includes, in response to detecting a rejected media unit, directing a media feed path towards a reject area. The method includes depositing the rejected media unit into the reject area. The reject area is defined by a cassette surface on a body of the ribbon cassette. The ribbon cassette is unable to be removed from the media processing device until the rejected media unit is removed from the cassette surface.