An image reading apparatus includes a first stacking unit having a stacking surface, and an abutment portion that abuts a document stacked on the stacking surface, a feeding unit, a reading unit, a second stacking unit, a first detection unit, a rotating shaft, a drive unit, and a control unit. The second stacking unit receives the document fed by the feeding unit and read by the reading unit. The first detection unit detects presence or absence of the document stacked on the first stacking unit. The drive unit rotates the first stacking unit around the rotating shaft rotatably supporting the first stacking unit. At a predetermined timing after the first detection unit detects the absence of the document on the first stacking unit, the control unit controls the drive unit to rotate the first stacking unit in a direction with which the abutment portion is lowered.

An image reading apparatus includes a first stacking unit having a stacking surface, and an abutment portion that abuts a document stacked on the stacking surface, a feeding unit, a reading unit, a second stacking unit, a first detection unit, a rotating shaft, a drive unit, and a control unit. The second stacking unit receives the document fed by the feeding unit and read by the reading unit. The first detection unit detects presence or absence of the document stacked on the first stacking unit. The drive unit rotates the first stacking unit around the rotating shaft rotatably supporting the first stacking unit. At a predetermined timing after the first detection unit detects the absence of the document on the first stacking unit, the control unit controls the drive unit to rotate the first stacking unit in a direction with which the abutment portion is lowered.

An example paper feed device includes a tray to feed printing paper, a magnetic force generation element to generate a magnetic flux, a 3D magnetic sensor to detect changes in the a density of the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic force generation element in each of three axes, and a controller. The tray has a movable element that is movable in relation to the printing paper. Either the magnetic force generation element or the 3D magnetic sensor is attached to the movable element. The controller determines the position of the movable element based on a detection signal received from the 3D magnetic sensor.

An example paper feed device includes a tray to feed printing paper, a magnetic force generation element to generate a magnetic flux, a 3D magnetic sensor to detect changes in the a density of the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic force generation element in each of three axes, and a controller. The tray has a movable element that is movable in relation to the printing paper. Either the magnetic force generation element or the 3D magnetic sensor is attached to the movable element. The controller determines the position of the movable element based on a detection signal received from the 3D magnetic sensor.

A method for franking mail items fed to a franking machine. The mail items are drawn from the underside of a stack for separation or are fed individually on a conveying section upstream of the franking machine to a printing unit for franking, after franking, are discharged in the opposite direction from the printing unit. The mail items are fed via a diverter section to the conveying section, after franking, are conveyed via the diverter section which is switched over to change the conveying direction into a depositing apparatus below the diverter section. The mail items are guided in the opening region of the franking machine into the printing position and are returned out of the printing position. The printing position of a mail item fed to the printing unit is determined by a print head movement-controlled from a readiness position pursuant to the format length of the mail item.

A method for franking mail items fed to a franking machine. The mail items are drawn from the underside of a stack for separation or are fed individually on a conveying section upstream of the franking machine to a printing unit for franking, after franking, are discharged in the opposite direction from the printing unit. The mail items are fed via a diverter section to the conveying section, after franking, are conveyed via the diverter section which is switched over to change the conveying direction into a depositing apparatus below the diverter section. The mail items are guided in the opening region of the franking machine into the printing position and are returned out of the printing position. The printing position of a mail item fed to the printing unit is determined by a print head movement-controlled from a readiness position pursuant to the format length of the mail item.

A sheet transport device includes a transport guide for guiding, along its transport surface, a sheet in a transport direction, a first transport roller pair, a second transport roller pair, a skew roller pair, a reference wall, and an actuator. The skew roller pair alone transports, in a skewed manner toward an end of the transport surface in a width direction orthogonal to the transport direction, the sheet spaced from the first transport roller and the second transport roller. The reference wall is positioned at the end of the transport surface in the width direction and extends along the transport direction. The actuator is disposed downstream of the skew roller pair and upstream of the second transport roller pair in the transport direction and between the end and a center of the transport surface in the width direction.

A sheet transport device includes a transport guide for guiding, along its transport surface, a sheet in a transport direction, a first transport roller pair, a second transport roller pair, a skew roller pair, a reference wall, and an actuator. The skew roller pair alone transports, in a skewed manner toward an end of the transport surface in a width direction orthogonal to the transport direction, the sheet spaced from the first transport roller and the second transport roller. The reference wall is positioned at the end of the transport surface in the width direction and extends along the transport direction. The actuator is disposed downstream of the skew roller pair and upstream of the second transport roller pair in the transport direction and between the end and a center of the transport surface in the width direction.

Provided in a paper sheet feeding apparatus and a box making machine are: a plurality of wheels capable of supplying a sheet by coming into contact with a lower surface of the sheet; a grate liftable and lowerable to an ascending position positioned above upper edges of the plurality of wheels and a descending position positioned below the upper edges of the plurality of wheels; a drive motor; an elevating device capable of lifting the grate to the ascending position by rotating the drive motor in one direction and capable of lowering the grate to the descending position by rotating the drive motor in the other direction; and a control device capable of adjusting an amount by which the grate is lifted and lowered by the elevating device by controlling the drive motor.

Provided in a paper sheet feeding apparatus and a box making machine are: a plurality of wheels capable of supplying a sheet by coming into contact with a lower surface of the sheet; a grate liftable and lowerable to an ascending position positioned above upper edges of the plurality of wheels and a descending position positioned below the upper edges of the plurality of wheels; a drive motor; an elevating device capable of lifting the grate to the ascending position by rotating the drive motor in one direction and capable of lowering the grate to the descending position by rotating the drive motor in the other direction; and a control device capable of adjusting an amount by which the grate is lifted and lowered by the elevating device by controlling the drive motor.