This document describes devices and methods for suturing an anastomosis. For example, this document describes transurethral probe devices that can be used to suture a vesicourethral anastomosis with one continuous stitch along a helical toroidal path.

Provided are an anesthesia respiration apparatus, an anesthesia respiration gas path system, and an anesthetic gas path system, to exhibit a novel anesthesia respiration structure. In this structure, some channels are provided in an anesthesia main machine, and no long external pipeline or only a small number of long pipelines are required to meet demands of gas path connection, thereby reducing various potential safety hazards and inconvenience caused by excessive exposed long pipelines.

Inhalation of low levels of nitric oxide can rapidly and safely decrease pulmonary hypertension in mammals. A nitric oxide delivery system that converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid.

Inhalation of low levels of nitric oxide can rapidly and safely decrease pulmonary hypertension in mammals. A nitric oxide delivery system that converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid.

A system for thermal regulation of a nebulizer is provided that is structured to deliver a chilled mist to the snout, muzzle, beak, or trunk of an animal. The system includes a container to house a nebulizer and a thermal material together and a mask to deliver the chilled mist to an animal. The thermal material acts to chill a liquid located inside the nebulizer in order to deliver a chilled mist to the animal for therapeutic purposes, such as initiating therapeutic hypothermia, or treating various respiratory illnesses such as croup, laryngobronchitis, and smoke inhalation.

A system for thermal regulation of a nebulizer is provided that is structured to deliver a chilled mist to the snout, muzzle, beak, or trunk of an animal. The system includes a container to house a nebulizer and a thermal material together and a mask to deliver the chilled mist to an animal. The thermal material acts to chill a liquid located inside the nebulizer in order to deliver a chilled mist to the animal for therapeutic purposes, such as initiating therapeutic hypothermia, or treating various respiratory illnesses such as croup, laryngobronchitis, and smoke inhalation.

Provided are an anesthesia respiration apparatus, an anesthesia respiration gas path system, and an anesthetic gas path system, to exhibit a novel anesthesia respiration structure. In this structure, some channels are provided in an anesthesia main machine, and no long external pipeline or only a small number of long pipelines are required to meet demands of gas path connection, thereby reducing various potential safety hazards and inconvenience caused by excessive exposed long pipelines.

The present invention provides methods for determining the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by determining the molar water solubility of the anesthetic. The invention further provides methods for modulating the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by altering or modifying the anesthetic to have higher or lower water solubility. The invention further provides methods of inducing anesthesia in a subject by administering via the respiratory pathways (e.g., via inhalational or pulmonary delivery) an effective amount of an anesthetic compound identified according to the present methods.

The present invention provides methods for determining the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by determining the molar water solubility of the anesthetic. The invention further provides methods for modulating the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by altering or modifying the anesthetic to have higher or lower water solubility. The invention further provides methods of inducing anesthesia in a subject by administering via the respiratory pathways (e.g., via inhalational or pulmonary delivery) an effective amount of an anesthetic compound identified according to the present methods.

An insufflation apparatus and methods for using same are disclosed. The apparatus is equipped with an interactive system for administering reproducible intratracheal aerosols in a consistent automated manner. The insufflation system is useful, in particular for use with experimental animals, including mice and rats and also for treating small animals via the pulmonary route in veterinary medicinal practice.