The present invention relates to a pressure-controlled oil refining device for refining oil from liquid-state oil waste. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pressure-controlled oil refining device wherein: liquid-state oil waste is introduced and then heated such that, as the pressure rises, the vaporized fluid (oil+impurities) is transferred in the upward direction; a pressure valve is opened/closed such that the oil and impurities can be separated from the fluid and then discharged; the oil is condensed by a cooler such that the same can be liquefied again and stored; and the oil can be refined from the oil waste and reused.

The invention includes: 1. One or more stainless boiling chambers 2. Mechanisms for low cost heat production, 3. Mechanisms channeling air molecules flow into the non potable water chambers or mechanisms absorbing air from the drinking water chambers and other chambers and mechanisms of the system, through folded long and spacious tube in a grid shape or in the form of cyclic coil, thus reducing water vapor pressure [BERNOULLI], lowering boiling temperature and increasing evaporation rate, 4. An intermediate chamber to separate water vapor from the droplets of non-drinking water, 5. A tank to feed boiling chambers 6. A single or dual function thermostat or a system of two thermostats, 7. Ion trapping mechanism, 8. Mechanisms for cooling, refrigeration, compression, ice packs and fans to condense water vapor, 9. An electromagnetic valve, or a tubular electropump, when the feed of water is incapable, level limit sensors, electromagnetic switch, electrical relays, timer, power supply switch, optical isolators, power amplifier, 10. Mechanism with a diode (single passage) valve and float (floater) 11. Water vapor transport mechanisms, 12. Collection chambers for drinking water, 13. Expansion (discharge-relief) and non-return valves, 14. Mechanism adding magnesium, potassium and other elements, 15. Mechanism for exit (extraction) of the brine 16. A microprocessor or microcontroller that coordinates the operation of the system. Generally (overall), this device that converts non potable water into ecological potable (drinking) water presents (displays) great potential, (outlook) which can be done in order to be environmentally friendly with less thermal pollution and waste, without using any filters or membranes, since whatsoever, it can produce potable water, respecting (abiding) all hygienic conditions and requirements.

The disclosure provides systems methods and apparatus for purifying water. A purification device includes a heating vessel adapted to receive impure water and output water or water vapor. The device further includes at least one heating element arranged outside and in thermal contact with the heating vessel, configured to provide heat to the impure water. The device also includes at least one heat exchanger to exchange heat between the impure water and the water vapor to raise the temperature of the impure water. In some example implementations, the at least one heating element can include a Peltier cell.

An acid purifier, comprising: a container (1) for an acid to be purified; a heater (2); a condenser (3) including a Peltier semiconductor cooler, a condenser body (600) and a refrigerant temperature sensor; a purified acid liquid collection bottle (4) connected with the condenser; a controller; an integrated liquid level control component (300) for the acid to be purified, connected with the container (1) for the acid to be purified, and arranged in such a way that a liquid level pipe (320), a liquid adding funnel (310) and a waste liquid discharge valve (330) are integrated; and an acid liquid temperature sensor (400, 500) arranged in the acid to be purified.

There is provided a method of drying a biological material, comprising the steps of: a) generating a flow of microdroplets of the biological material having a dry matter content below 25% (weight/volume); b) contacting the microdroplets with a gas flow, wherein the ratio of the gas flow to the flow of microdroplets is at least 300.000:1, preferably at least 600.000:1, more preferably at least 800.000:1, thereby drying the biological material to form particles; c) separating the particles from the gas flow; d) drying the gas flow from step c); and e) recirculating the dried gas flow from step d) to step b). A corresponding apparatus is also provided.

A system and method for cracking hydrocarbon feed streams may include a pre-heating assembly configured to heat the hydrocarbon feed stream to provide a pre-heated feed stream including a vaporized portion and a pre-heated liquid portion. The pre-heating assembly may include an electrically-powered heater, an electrically-powered heater and a steam heater, or an electrically-powered heater and heat transfer fluid configured to heat the feed stream. The pre-heating assembly also may include a flash device positioned to receive the vaporized portion and the pre-heated liquid portion and separate the vaporized portion of the pre-heated feed stream or the pre-heated liquid hydrocarbon feed stream from the remaining liquid portion of the feed stream to supply a flash device outlet stream. The system further may include a steam cracking furnace positioned to receive the flash device outlet stream and heat the flash outlet device stream to provide a product stream including cracked hydrocarbons.

A device for converting a liquid into vapor, having an evaporation surface, a liquid inlet, a heater for heating the evaporation surface, a flow controller, a control unit configured to control a liquid flow rate injected into the liquid inlet, a chamber containing the evaporation surface, and a temperature sensor arranged on the evaporation surface. The control unit is configured to control a heating power of the heater according to a flow rate and to a temperature measured by the temperature sensor according to a predetermined control law. The predetermined control law varies, for each flow rate, non-linearly and inversely proportionally to the difference between a reference temperature of the chamber and the measured temperature.

An optimized system creates potable water from water vapor in the atmosphere, or purifies salt water or contaminated water. The system employs a condenser having multiple metal condensation surfaces. These condensation surfaces are cooled by coolant passing through conduits attached to the condensation surfaces. The coolant is cooled by a cooling unit. Power is supplied to the cooling unit by solar photovoltaic panels, or wind turbines, or the electric grid. The system can be mobile or fixed and can produce potable water at remote locations. The system may employ an evaporator which evaporates non-potable water into an air stream. The evaporator includes a solar or gas heater which increases the temperature of the air. Metals may be extracted from the salt water. If sewage is used, solid organic waste may be processed into combustible gas which is burned by an engine running a generator to power that system.

A rotary evaporator for accurately and quantitatively recovering multiple solvents or concentrating multiple samples at once is provided. At least two distillation flasks are included. The distillation flasks are connected in sequence and rotated along the same axis. A bracket is disposed at the lower part between the distillation flasks for support. Instead of one rotation axis, at least two axes are included. Each rotation axis is provided with at least one distillation flask. The number of condensers and the number of collecting flasks increase correspondingly with the number of distillation flasks. If the number of distillation flasks on one rotation axis is greater than 1, a connector is disposed between the condenser and a transmitter. The collecting flask can be changed into a collector with the function of accurately quantitating and discharging distillates. Each distillation flask may be connected to a concentrated liquid quantitative assembly.

A purification system can provide for efficient heating of liquid via film heating, which, rather than heating a large volume of liquid, can heat a thin layer of liquid thus reducing the amount of energy required to evaporate the liquid. Film heating can enable evaporation of liquids using less energy than other methods. In addition, when liquids (e.g., seawater) having dissolved solids (e.g., salts) are heated, both the liquid and the solids must be heated. As evaporation occurs, the concentration of solids increases and more energy must be supplied to the liquid in order to cause evaporation. Because purification system can heat only a layer of liquid, less energy is required to heat the solids, which can allow for higher energy efficiencies in purifying liquids. These efficiencies can lead to decreased cost of potable water. Related apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.