A well fluid treatment system includes a cavitation reactor causing cavitation-induced heating of a flow sufficient to convert at least a portion of water in the well fluid to steam a single pass of the well fluid through the cavitation reactor, a steam-liquid phase separator receives the heated well fluid and separates the flow into steam and a condensed contaminated fluid. One or more auxiliary systems are coupled to the steam outlet and receive the flow of steam in order to transfer thermal energy from the flow of steam to one or more of the following: (a) a well fluid treatment process before the cavitation reactor, and (b) a condensed contaminated fluid treatment process after the cavitation reactor.

A wastewater treatment system includes a circulating fluidized bed evaporator defining a longitudinal axis vertical with respect to gravity. The evaporator has a wastewater inlet to provide wastewater to the circulating fluidized bed evaporator. A heat inlet is axially below the wastewater inlet to provide heat to the circulating fluidized bed evaporator for evaporating the wastewater. An outlet is axially above the wastewater inlet and the heat inlet.

Provided herein are integrated distillation apparatuses configured as stand-alone fully integrated systems having a reduced footprint. Integrated distillation apparatuses can have a rotary evaporator, a condenser, and an integrated refrigeration system or chiller, as well as an integrated water bath and vacuum pump, all of which can be integrated into a central frame and/or housing assembly. Integrated distillation apparatuses can be configured such that the rotary evaporator is movably attached to a frame structure and configured to be vertically translatable in position, whereas the condenser can be affixed to the structure by an arm extending from the structure and adjacent to the rotary evaporator, and wherein the refrigeration system can be in fluid communication with the condenser.

The invention is a high-salt waste water air powered low temperature evaporating device and method of use. A tray is mounted on a lifting platform; an air inlet and a water inlet are on the tray. Air distributing pipes are arranged at the center of the nested column tubes (33). A groove (4) is installed at the top of the tray, and mounting points are accompanied by multiple nested column tubes (33). The nested column tubes (33) are connected with the air inlet. An atomizer is arranged inside the air distributing pipes; and the atomizer is connected with the water distributing pipes. Using air power evaporates concentrated waste water multiple times so that the salt in the wastewater reaches saturated concentration, and therefore, the wastewater temperature is reduced, salt is crystallized and separated out, liquid is continuously evaporated, and the wastewater can be completely treated.

A urea production process which includes and a synthesis section, a recovery section and evaporation section and a finishing section wherein the evaporation section includes a first evaporator and downstream thereof a second evaporator for urea solution. The second evaporator operates a lower pressure than the first evaporator to provide a urea melt and second vapor, solidifying the urea melt in a finishing section to provide a solid urea produce and off gas, scrubbing the off gas followed by condensing to produce a first condensate and second condensate; supplying the first condensate to a wastewater treatment section and supply the second condensate to the scrubber wherein the second condensate is used as a scrub liquid in the scrubber.

A system and method to partially vaporize a process or feed water stream does so in a liquid pool zone of a vessel as the stream comes into contact with a heating medium that is less volatile than the process stream. To keep the pool hot, the heating medium can be recirculated through a heater of a pump-around loop or a heater can be placed in the liquid pool. As the process stream is partially vaporized, any solids present in the process stream together with the unvaporized process or feed water stream move into the heating medium. These solids and unvaporized liquids may be further removed from the heating medium in the pool or in the pump-around loop. The vaporized process stream can be further condensed. Any heat recovered can be used to pre-heat the process stream or in the pump-around loop's heater in case of mechanical vapor recovery.

Provided are compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials.

Shell-and-tube strippers for stripping a urea/carbamate mixture, related systems, methods, and uses. The stripper includes shell and a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell. Baffles and deflectors offer improved homogeneity of heating fluid flow in the stripper's shell-side space.

A short path evaporator including a heatable double-walled evaporator pipe having an inner interspace, with a rotatable rotor system disposed within the evaporator pipe and with a condenser disposed centrally in the evaporator pipe, and with an inlet for a product leading into the evaporator pipe, an outlet for a concentrate of the product leading out of the evaporator pipe, and an outlet for distillate accumulating at the condenser, and an inlet and an outlet for supplying and discharging heating medium to or from the interspace of the evaporator pipe, wherein the evaporator pipe is formed by an outer pipe and an inner pipe which, leaving the interspace, is disposed within the outer pipe, which are fixed at their ends in a sealing manner between two flange plates clamped together, wherein an inlet channel for the inlet of the product and an outlet channel for the outlet of the concentrate, which communicate with the interior of the inner pipe, are formed in the flange plates, as well as inlet and outlet channels for supplying and discharging the heating medium, which communicate with the interspace.

Provided herein are integrated distillation apparatuses configured as stand-alone fully integrated systems having a reduced footprint. Integrated distillation apparatuses can have a rotary evaporator, a condenser, and an integrated refrigeration system or chiller, as well as an integrated water bath and vacuum pump, all of which can be integrated into a central frame and/or housing assembly. Integrated distillation apparatuses can be configured such that the rotary evaporator is movably attached to a frame structure and configured to be vertically translatable in position, whereas the condenser can be affixed to the structure by an arm extending from the structure and adjacent to the rotary evaporator, and wherein the refrigeration system can be in fluid communication with the condenser.