A water treatment system is provided for removing contaminants from feed water. The system receives feed water at a stripper tower, which removes VOCs from the feed water and directs the VOCs to a heating stage to be eliminated. Hot gases are directed from the heating stage to an evaporation stage. The VOC-free water from the stripper tower is also directed to the evaporation stage. The hot gases are brought into contact with the VOC-free water and evaporates the water. The exhaust gases in the evaporation stage are vented. A slurry of precipitated solids and water are removed from the evaporation stage to be disposed of or directed to a decanter stage to separate the liquid portion of the slurry from the solids portion. The liquid portion can be directed back to the evaporation stage. The exhaust gases in the evaporation stage can also be recirculated to the stripper tower.

The Cryo-Thermo Desalinator (CTD) is a fire and ice approach to potability and water reuse using liquid natural gas (LNG) for systemic fuel and cooling. The upstream key heat exchanger (HX) uses LNG to differentiate raw water into pretreated ice melt and cryo-brine blowdown. Ice melt-diluted raw water is primarily sent to the mid-stream key HX condenser where it and LNG tube bundles collapse water vapor into potable water. The downstream key HX uses LNG to separate cryo-brine and thermo-brine into heavy brine and skimmed saline ice which is reinjected into pretreated raw water for maximum corrosion and scaling dilution and extra potability. Heavy brine discharge is more easily dewatered for mining salts, mineral and elements. Pressurized LNG, becoming high pressure natural gas, adds desirable latent heat of vaporization to downstream gas users, including the integrated CCGT/HRSG and is roughly-proportional to thirsty residential/industrial gas users which the CTD serves.

A cryogenic solid-liquid extractor comprises a reboiler for evaporating an extraction solvent; a cryogenic heat exchanger for condensing the vaporized extraction solvent to a liquid extraction solvent by passing the vaporized extraction solvent through a container cooled by a cryogenic cooling agent comprising a mixture of a cryogenic solvent and a compressed, liquified or solidified gas to cool the extraction solvent to a temperature below the freezing point of water and above the freezing point of the extraction solvent; a cryogenic extractor for passing the condensed liquid extraction solvent through a solid organic material to extract solvent-soluble material, but not water-soluble material, from the solid organic material, wherein the cryogenic solid-liquid extractor returns the condensed liquid extraction solvent containing extracted material to the reboiler to repeat the vaporization and condensation cycle.

Provided herein are integrated distillation apparatuses configured as stand-alone fully integrated systems having a reduced footprint. Integrated distillation apparatuses can have a rotary evaporator, a condenser, and an integrated refrigeration system or chiller, as well as an integrated water bath and vacuum pump, all of which can be integrated into a central frame and/or housing assembly. Integrated distillation apparatuses can be configured such that the rotary evaporator is movably attached to a frame structure and configured to be vertically translatable in position, whereas the condenser can be affixed to the structure by an arm extending from the structure and adjacent to the rotary evaporator, and wherein the refrigeration system can be in fluid communication with the condenser.

A system and method to vaporize a process or feed water stream does so in a liquid pool zone of a vessel as the stream comes into contact with a heating medium that is less volatile than the process stream. To keep the pool hot, the heating medium can be recirculated through a heater of a pump-around loop or a heater can be placed in the liquid pool. As the process stream is vaporized, any solids present in the process stream come out of the process stream and move into the heating medium. These solids may be further removed from the heating medium in the pool or in the pump-around loop. The vaporized process stream can be further condensed. Any heat recovered can be used to pre-heat the process stream or used in the pump around loop's heater in case of mechanical vapor recovery.

A system and method to partially vaporize a process or feed water stream does so in a liquid pool zone of a vessel as the stream comes into contact with a heating medium that is less volatile than the process stream. To keep the pool hot, the heating medium can be recirculated through a heater of a pump-around loop or a heater can be placed in the liquid pool. As the process stream is partially vaporized, any solids present in the process stream together with the unvaporized process or feed water stream move into the heating medium. These solids and unvaporized liquids may be further removed from the heating medium in the pool or in the pump-around loop. The vaporized process stream can be further condensed. Any heat recovered can be used to pre-heat the process stream or in the pump-around loop's heater in case of mechanical vapor recovery.

A system and method to vaporize a process or feed water stream does so in a liquid pool zone of a vessel as the stream comes into contact with a heating medium that is less volatile than the process stream. To keep the pool hot, the heating medium can be recirculated through a heater of a pump-around loop or a heater can be placed in the liquid pool. As the process stream is vaporized, any solids present in the process stream come out of the process stream and move into the heating medium. These solids may be further removed from the heating medium in the pool or in the pump-around loop. The vaporized process stream can be further condensed. Any heat recovered can be used to pre-heat the process stream or used in the pump around loop's heater in case of mechanical vapor recovery.

A tube heat exchanger extending in a vertical direction, comprising: a first chamber including a lower portion provided with at least one intake inlet for a diphasic fluid including a liquid and a first vapor containing a mist; an upper portion; and a first recovery member passed through by the first vapor and recovering the mist in liquid form, the first vapor next arriving in the upper portion, a central chamber forming liquid films running over the tubes and vaporizing at least partially to produce a second vapor, the tubes being traveled inwardly by a fluid hotter than the diphasic fluid, and a second chamber receiving the first vapor and the second vapor to form a third vapor, and including an outlet for the non-vaporized liquid and an outlet for the third vapor, the first chamber and the second chamber together forming a volume surrounding the central chamber around the vertical direction.

The invention relates to an evaporator. The evaporator may include a drum. The drum may have a first portion and a second portion. The drum may include a product inlet positioned at the first portion of the drum, a product outlet positioned at the second portion of the drum, a vapor outlet, and an agitator. The evaporator may have a heating jacket and/or a product supply pipe. The heating jacket may be configured to surround the drum and/or to heat the product in the drum. The product supply pipe may be positioned outside the drum and/or may extend from the second portion of the drum to the product inlet positioned at the first portion of the drum. The product supply pipe may be in direct contact with the heating jacket.

Shell-and-tube strippers for stripping a urea/carbamate mixture, related systems, methods, and uses. The stripper includes a shell and a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell. Baffles and deflectors offer improved homogeneity of heating fluid flow in the stripper's shell-side space.