A distribution chamber suitable for distributing a liquid stream to a plurality of pipe openings distributed over a planar surface. The distribution chamber includes three perforated plates. A method to distribute a liquid stream to a plurality of pipe openings, a method to decompose ammonium carbamate from an aqueous solution comprising ammonium carbamate and a method to produce a concentrated aqueous urea solution from a diluted aqueous urea solution.

A system and method for cracking hydrocarbon feed streams may include a pre-heating assembly configured to heat the hydrocarbon feed stream to provide a pre-heated feed stream including a vaporized portion and a pre-heated liquid portion. The pre-heating assembly may include an electrically-powered heater, an electrically-powered heater and a steam heater, or an electrically-powered heater and heat transfer fluid configured to heat the feed stream. The pre-heating assembly also may include a flash device positioned to receive the vaporized portion and the pre-heated liquid portion and separate the vaporized portion of the pre-heated feed stream or the pre-heated liquid hydrocarbon feed stream from the remaining liquid portion of the feed stream to supply a flash device outlet stream. The system further may include a steam cracking furnace positioned to receive the flash device outlet stream and heat the flash outlet device stream to provide a product stream including cracked hydrocarbons.

A vessel header includes lateral flow tubes arranged in a parallel configuration. The lateral flow tubes enter the vessel header through alternating vessel header penetrations with a single vessel header penetration per lateral flow tube. Each lateral flow tube has a perforated section within the vessel header having a non-circular cross-section having the shape of a circular sector, an elliptical sector, or an irregular quadrilateral. A method includes passing a molten polymer through the lateral flow tubes of the vessel header. The molten polymer exits the lateral flow tubes as strands through perforations in the lateral flow tubes within the vessel header. The method includes obtaining devolatilized polymer.

An oil recovery process is provided where an oil-water mixture is recovered from an oil-bearing formation. Oil is separated from the oil-water mixture to yield produced water. The produced water is typically subjected to a pre-treatment process. After pre-treatment, the produced water is directed to an evaporator that evaporates at least some of the produced water and produces steam and an evaporator blowdown. The evaporator blowdown is directed to a dual stage crystallizer that concentrates the evaporator blowdown.

Process and apparatus for the separation of the components having different boiling points of a liquid mixture, characterized in that forming bubbles by a carrier gas in the liquid mixture where the one or more volatile component is getting enriched in the bubbles, then after said bubbles leave the liquid phase the released vapor content of them is collected and condensed and the obtained liquid being enriched in the more volatile component(s) is separated from the carrier gas.

A method of manufacturing packing includes: determining types of a gas and a liquid which are brought into gas-liquid contact and a main plate to be used; calculating a relationship between a contact angle and a liquid film length ratio; determining the arrangement (intervals) of a rib; determining rib conditions; calculating the minimum value of the flow direction length of the rib satisfying the contact angle and a strength requirement; confirming whether or not a liquid film length is greater than the minimum value; and determining the flow direction length of the rib within a range from the minimum value to the liquid film length.

In a method and apparatus for passing a mixed vapour and liquid stream between a first heat exchanger (101) and a second heat exchanger (102) the mixed vapour and liquid stream outflows from the first heat exchanger (101) through two or more outlets (104). Then, the mixed vapour and liquid stream in the outlets (104) passes through two or more intermediate conduits (103) to the second heat exchanger (102), after which the mixed vapour and liquid stream inflows from the intermediate conduits (103) into the second heat exchanger (102) through two or more inlets (105). The number (X) of outlets (104) is equal to or greater than the number (Y) of inlets (105).

A system includes a first separator configured to receive waste water, retain a first portion of the waste water, and separate the first portion of the waste water into a first vapor and a first solid material; and a second separator in fluid communication with the first separator, the second separator being configured to receive a second portion of the waste water from the first separator and to separate the second portion of the waste water into a second vapor and a second solid material, the second separator including a first condenser, a heating element, and a first electrocoagulation unit. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

An evaporator is provided for evaporating water from an ambient body of water having a water surface. The evaporator includes a housing that has a proximal end proximate to the water surface, a distal end distal to the water surface, and a housing air flow channel directed toward the water surface. The housing is disposed on a support, such as a float assembly, that positions the housing above the water surface. The evaporator also includes an air flow induction device, preferably an impeller, disposed to direct an air flow stream from the distal end toward the proximal end through the housing air flow channel and toward the water surface so that the air contacts the water. The impeller preferably is made of a fiberglass material. The support preferably includes at least one float assembly air flow channel that receives the air flow stream from the housing and directs it outwardly from the evaporator. Water injection devices such as spray nozzles or atomizing nozzles preferably are disposed in the float assembly channel or channels to inject the water into the air flow stream.

A gas scrubber may include an absorption apparatus configured for receiving a gas and absorbing the gas in an absorption medium, as well as an evaporation apparatus configured for evaporating at least a part of the liquid that is introduced. The absorption apparatus may have an introduction apparatus for the gas, an apparatus for circulating the absorption solution that has reacted with the gas, a discharge apparatus for at least a part of the absorption solution that has reacted with the gas, and a cooling system for the circulating absorption solution. The absorption apparatus and the evaporation apparatus can be connected via a heat exchanger such that heat content of the absorption solution that has reacted with the gas is used at least in part for the evaporation.