The present invention relates to a process for removing impurities from vegetable oil, wherein the process is comprising the step of subjecting a vegetable oil to a short-path evaporation, wherein the short-path evaporation is performed at a pressure of below 1 mbar, at an evaporator temperature in a range of from 50 to below 150 C. and with a feed rate per unit area of evaporator surface of the short-path evaporation equipment of more than 25 kg/h.Math.m.sup.2, and thus obtaining a retentate vegetable oil and a distillate. The present invention further relates to the use of a short-path evaporation for removing impurities from a vegetable oil.

The invention relates an evaporator. The evaporator may include a drum. The drum may have a first portion and a second portion. The drum may include a product inlet positioned at the first portion of the drum, a product outlet positioned at the second portion of the drum, a vapor outlet, and an agitator. The evaporator may have a heating jacket and/or a product supply pipe. The heating jacket may be configured to surround the drum and/or to heat the product in the drum. The product supply pipe may be positioned outside the drum and/or may extend from the second portion of the drum to the product inlet positioned at the first portion of the drum. The product supply pipe may be in direct contact with the heating jacket.

The invention relates an evaporator. The evaporator may include a drum. The drum may have a first portion and a second portion. The drum may include a product inlet positioned at the first portion of the drum, a product outlet positioned at the second portion of the drum, a vapor outlet, and an agitator. The evaporator may have a heating jacket and/or a product supply pipe. The heating jacket may be configured to surround the drum and/or to heat the product in the drum. The product supply pipe may be positioned outside the drum and/or may extend from the second portion of the drum to the product inlet positioned at the first portion of the drum. The product supply pipe may be in direct contact with the heating jacket.

Disclosed herein is a refined PUFA oil with an enhanced palatability comparing to the same PUFA oil without refinement. Also disclosed is a food composition for a companion animal or a food for human consumption wherein said food composition comprises the above refined PUFA oil and thus having enhanced palatability. Further disclosed herein is a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned refined PUFA oil wherein said method comprises the step of deodorization.

Disclosed herein is a refined PUFA oil with an enhanced palatability comparing to the same PUFA oil without refinement. Also disclosed is a food composition for a companion animal or a food for human consumption wherein said food composition comprises the above refined PUFA oil and thus having enhanced palatability. Further disclosed herein is a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned refined PUFA oil wherein said method comprises the step of deodorization.

The present disclosure relates to distillation apparatus, especially such apparatus that may be deployed within a commercial, domestic or near-Domestic situation to provide distilled water on demand. The distillation apparatus comprising an evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber, a heat source, the heat source being arranged to supply heat to at least part of the evaporation chamber, a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a vapour compression pump, wherein the condensation chamber surrounds at least part of the evaporation chamber.

The present disclosure relates to distillation apparatus, especially such apparatus that may be deployed within a commercial, domestic or near-Domestic situation to provide distilled water on demand. The distillation apparatus comprising an evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber, a heat source, the heat source being arranged to supply heat to at least part of the evaporation chamber, a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a vapour compression pump, wherein the condensation chamber surrounds at least part of the evaporation chamber.

The present invention describes a method which outlines a process for conversion of CBD to a .sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.9-THC) compound or derivative thereof involving treating a naturally produced CBD intermediate compound with an organoaluminum-based Lewis acid catalyst, under conditions effective to produce the .sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol compound or derivative thereof at a relatively high concentration. The source of the CBD is from industrial hemp having less than 0.3% .sup.9-THC and extracting and purifying a CBD distillate or isolate or a combination thereof. This procedure will produce .sup.9-THC that is essentially free from any other cannabinoids other than some trace amounts of the initial CBD starting material, or about 95% .sup.9-THC and 2-4% CBD. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for further purification and enrichment of the .sup.9-THC using distillation and collecting an essentially pure fraction of .sup.9-THC using additional distillation or enrichment form of purification. Included are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to large scale manufacturing. Included are methods for adding a molecule marker to authenticate high purity .sup.9-THC products. Formulations and uses for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food products, and topicals are also provided.

The present invention describes a method which outlines a process for conversion of CBD to a .sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.9-THC) compound or derivative thereof involving treating a naturally produced CBD intermediate compound with an organoaluminum-based Lewis acid catalyst, under conditions effective to produce the .sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol compound or derivative thereof at a relatively high concentration. The source of the CBD is from industrial hemp having less than 0.3% .sup.9-THC and extracting and purifying a CBD distillate or isolate or a combination thereof. This procedure will produce .sup.9-THC that is essentially free from any other cannabinoids other than some trace amounts of the initial CBD starting material, or about 95% .sup.9-THC and 2-4% CBD. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for further purification and enrichment of the .sup.9-THC using distillation and collecting an essentially pure fraction of .sup.9-THC using additional distillation or enrichment form of purification. Included are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to large scale manufacturing. Included are methods for adding a molecule marker to authenticate high purity .sup.9-THC products. Formulations and uses for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food products, and topicals are also provided.

The present disclosure describes a method which outlines a process for conversion of CBD to a .sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.9-THC) compound or derivative thereof involving treating a naturally produced CBD intermediate compound with an organoaluminum-based Lewis acid catalyst, under conditions effective to produce the .sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol compound or derivative thereof at a relatively high concentration. The source of the CBD is from industrial hemp having less than 0.3% .sup.9-THC and extracting and purifying a CBD distillate or isolate or a combination thereof. This procedure will produce .sup.9-THC that is essentially free from any other cannabinoids other than some trace amounts of the initial CBD starting material, or about 95% .sup.9-THC and 2-4% CBD. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for further purification and enrichment of the .sup.9-THC using distillation and collecting an essentially pure fraction of .sup.9-THC using additional distillation or enrichment form of purification. Included are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to large scale manufacturing. Included are methods for adding a molecule marker to authenticate high purity .sup.9-THC products. Formulations and uses for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food products, and topicals are also provided.