A sea water harvesting process includes the steps of collecting sea water, filtering the sea water, passing the filtered sea water through a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane to separate the sea water into de-salinated water and concentrated sea water, delivering the concentrated sea water to an evaporator, heating the concentrated sea water in the evaporator under vacuum to produce calcium sulphate, sea salt and a super-concentrated sea water. Downstream of the evaporator the super-concentrated sea water is heated to produce a concentrated mineral liquor containing sea minerals in a concentration of about 42%.

Disclosed herein are DKP microcrystals made by an improved method where they do not irreversibly self-assemble into microparticles. The microcrystals can be dispersed by atomization and re-formed by spray drying into particles having spherical shell morphology. Active agents and excipients can be incorporated into the particles by spray drying a solution containing the components to be incorporated into microcrystalline diketopiperazine particles. In particular, the microcrystalline particle compositions are suitable for pulmonary drug delivery of one or more peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and/or small organic molecules.

Disclosed herein are DKP microcrystals made by an improved method where they do not irreversibly self-assemble into microparticles. The microcrystals can be dispersed by atomization and re-formed by spray drying into particles having spherical shell morphology. Active agents and excipients can be incorporated into the particles by spray drying a solution containing the components to be incorporated into microcrystalline diketopiperazine particles. In particular, the microcrystalline particle compositions are suitable for pulmonary drug delivery of one or more peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and/or small organic molecules.

A method of producing the spherical precursor containing lithium ions as cathode material for lithium-ion battery, which includes the following steps. The metal salts containing lithium ions and acid radicals and water are thoroughly mixed to form an aqueous metal salt solution containing lithium ions. The aqueous metal salt solution containing lithium ions is fed into the hot-blast furnace chamber for the high temperature spray granulating equipment, and the atomizer sprays the aqueous metal salt solution containing lithium ions in the hot-blast furnace chamber, so as to form spherical liquid drops in particle size of 0.1 m to 20 m. The hot air at 300 C. to 1000 C. is supplied to the hot-blast furnace chamber, so that the atomized spherical liquid drops and hot air generate pyrolysis effect to pyrolyze the acid radicals, and the spherical liquid drops are dried instantaneously to form the spherical precursor containing lithium ions.

Methods and systems for separating components are disclosed. A process liquid stream is provided that contains a first component and a second component. The process liquid stream is cooled to near a temperature at which the second component forms a solid. The process liquid stream is expanded into a vessel such that the first component and a first portion of the second component vaporize to form a process vapor stream and a second portion of the second component forms a solid to form a solid product stream. The process vapor stream and the solid product stream are passed out of the vessel.

A process for recovering solid waste from produced water in an oil sands system utilizing a fluidized bed, comprising: transferring an amount of produced water into a solution tank, producing an enriched salt solution in the solution tank, transferring the enriched salt solution using at least one spray nozzle into a fluidized bed of a fluidized bed spray granulator, heating the fluidized bed with a gas, growing granules within the fluidized bed through evaporative drying of salt from the enriched salt solution, extracting the granules from the fluidized bed spray granulator to produce a granulator product, separating at least a portion of the granulator product into at least two fractions, and removing at least a portion of at least one of the at least two fractions from the system as solid waste brine product.

A process for recovering solid waste from produced water in an oil sands system utilizing a fluidized bed, comprising: transferring an amount of produced water into a solution tank, producing an enriched salt solution in the solution tank, transferring the enriched salt solution using at least one spray nozzle into a fluidized bed of a fluidized bed spray granulator, heating the fluidized bed with a gas, growing granules within the fluidized bed through evaporative drying of salt from the enriched salt solution, extracting the granules from the fluidized bed spray granulator to produce a granulator product, separating at least a portion of the granulator product into at least two fractions, and removing at least a portion of at least one of the at least two fractions from the system as solid waste brine product.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include, for example, systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods for producing a population of particles. In some embodiments, such particles include particles corresponding to an active, pharmaceutical ingredient.

A spray drier system is provided for spray drying a liquid sample such as blood plasma. The spray drier system may include a spray drier device adapted to couple with a spray drier assembly. The assembly may include an enclosure mounted to a frame. The assembly may receive a flow of drying gas which is directed by the enclosure shape towards a spray drying head mounted within the enclosure to the frame. Flows of a liquid sample may be further received by the head, which aerosolizes the liquid sample. Aerosolized liquid sample and drying air may be mixed within a drying chamber of the enclosure to produce dried sample and humid air. The dried sample and humid air may also be separated in a collection chamber of the enclosure, with the humid air exhausted from the enclosure.

A spray drier system is provided for spray drying a liquid sample such as blood plasma. The spray drier system may include a spray drier device adapted to couple with a spray drier assembly. The assembly may include an enclosure mounted to a frame. The assembly may receive a flow of drying gas which is directed by the enclosure shape towards a spray drying head mounted within the enclosure to the frame. Flows of a liquid sample may be further received by the head, which aerosolizes the liquid sample. Aerosolized liquid sample and drying air may be mixed within a drying chamber of the enclosure to produce dried sample and humid air. The dried sample and humid air may also be separated in a collection chamber of the enclosure, with the humid air exhausted from the enclosure.