A waste water processing system includes an upflow contacting column having a flue gas input for receiving flue gas having a temperature of at least 500 degrees F., a waste water input, and a flue gas output. The waste water input is coupled to a fluid injector, e.g., atomizing nozzles, positioned in the throat of a Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column or in a sidewall of the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column. The flue gas in the upflow contacting column has a high velocity, e.g., a gas velocity exceeding 65 fps in the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column at a position where the fluid injector is located. Drying additives such as recycled ash, lime, and/or cement may be, and sometimes are, input into the upflow contacting column downstream of the waste water input.

A wastewater evaporation system for spray evaporating water comprising: a wastewater feed inlet; a pump, wherein the wastewater feed inlet is fluidly connected to the pump and wherein the pump is fluidly connected to a manifold; a drip orifice, wherein the manifold is fluidly connected to the drip orifice; a container, wherein an upper portion of the container is enclosed with a demister element; a packing and/or tray system disposed within the container, wherein the drip orifice discharges water droplets onto the packing and/or tray system; a discharge outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the discharge outlet; and an air system, wherein the air system discharges air flow counter to the water droplets from the drip orifice. A method of spray evaporating water while limiting emission of particles regulated as pollutants is also disclosed.

A wastewater evaporation system for spray evaporating water comprising: a wastewater feed inlet; a pump, wherein the wastewater feed inlet is fluidly connected to the pump and wherein the pump is fluidly connected to a manifold; a drip orifice, wherein the manifold is fluidly connected to the drip orifice; a container, wherein an upper portion of the container is enclosed with a demister element; a packing and/or tray system disposed within the container, wherein the drip orifice discharges water droplets onto the packing and/or tray system; a discharge outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the discharge outlet; and an air system, wherein the air system discharges air flow counter to the water droplets from the drip orifice. A method of spray evaporating water while limiting emission of particles regulated as pollutants is also disclosed.

Systems, methods and apparatus for fractioning mixtures comprising combinations of volatiles, essentially non-volatiles and non-volatile solutes are disclosed. Embodiments of a burst atomization fractionation apparatus comprises an atomization chamber into which a liquid mixture is atomized across a pressure gradient. In various embodiments, a mixture for fractionation comprises mixtures of solvents, solvents and oils, used engine oil, or salt water. In various examples, a solute undergoes a chemical transformation during the fractionation process, such as dehydrogenation, dehydration, or decarboxylation.

Systems, methods and apparatus for fractioning mixtures comprising combinations of volatiles, essentially non-volatiles and non-volatile solutes are disclosed. Embodiments of a burst atomization fractionation apparatus comprises an atomization chamber into which a liquid mixture is atomized across a pressure gradient. In various embodiments, a mixture for fractionation comprises mixtures of solvents, solvents and oils, used engine oil, or salt water. In various examples, a solute undergoes a chemical transformation during the fractionation process, such as dehydrogenation, dehydration, or decarboxylation.

A liquid separator and concentrator is disclosed. An example liquid separator and concentrator includes a separator column. A spray chamber has a sprayer nozzle to spray an influent within the spray chamber and create a falling film in the separator column. A heating jacket surrounds the separator column, wherein the heating jacket heats the falling film to evaporate at least one portion of the falling film and leaves a concentrate. A concentrate collection vessel receives the concentrate from the separator column.

A liquid separator and concentrator is disclosed. An example liquid separator and concentrator includes a separator column. A spray chamber has a sprayer nozzle to spray an influent within the spray chamber and create a falling film in the separator column. A heating jacket surrounds the separator column, wherein the heating jacket heats the falling film to evaporate at least one portion of the falling film and leaves a concentrate. A concentrate collection vessel receives the concentrate from the separator column.

The invention relates to an arrangement for a latent-heat exchanger chamber, usable in distillation devices, which comprises an evaporator in a capillary evaporation regime on the inner face thereof and a condenser in a capillary condensation regime on the outer face thereof, with a system for the dosed supply of liquid into microgrooves or micro undulations of the inner evaporator face, preventing the formation of thin films of water on the evaporator face, the arrangement achieving high latent-heat transfer coefficients.

The invention relates to an arrangement for a latent-heat exchanger chamber, usable in distillation devices, which comprises an evaporator in a capillary evaporation regime on the inner face thereof and a condenser in a capillary condensation regime on the outer face thereof, with a system for the dosed supply of liquid into microgrooves or micro undulations of the inner evaporator face, preventing the formation of thin films of water on the evaporator face, the arrangement achieving high latent-heat transfer coefficients.

A cooling tower is provided having a heat exchange section, and a fan for moving air through the heat exchange section. A water distribution assembly provides water onto and through the heat exchange section. An air inlet section is provided through which air is drawn into the cooling tower and the heat exchange section. The air inlet section has outside edges and corners. A wall assembly is provided in the air inlet section, with the wall assembly extending from the corners of the air inlet section inwardly. The water passing through the heat exchange section enters the air inlet section, and exits to a sump beneath the air inlet section. The air inlet section is comprised of a structure having outside edges and corners, and the wall assembly is comprised of a plurality of wall panel sections. Each wall panel section has an outer edge at a corner of the air inlet section, and each wall panel section extends inwardly from the corner of the air inlet section.