A distribution chamber disclosed discharges a fraction which have been fractionally distilled in embodiments of the disclosed technology. The distribution chamber is removably connected to a distillation head such that between each fraction, the distribution head can be switched with another. Each such distribution head has a vertically extending drain and/or discharge port, or plurality thereof, to distribute a discharged fraction into a single flask, such port being at an acute angle to an intake port. In this manner, the discharge/drain port(s) can be vertically oriented and at a bottom side of the distribution chamber when the intake port is connected to the distillation head.

A distribution chamber disclosed discharges a fraction which have been fractionally distilled in embodiments of the disclosed technology. The distribution chamber is removably connected to a distillation head such that between each fraction, the distribution head can be switched with another. Each such distribution head has a vertically extending drain and/or discharge port, or plurality thereof, to distribute a discharged fraction into a single flask, such port being at an acute angle to an intake port. In this manner, the discharge/drain port(s) can be vertically oriented and at a bottom side of the distribution chamber when the intake port is connected to the distillation head.

The present invention relates to a process for treating a feedstock containing tall oil, the process including separation of a light stream from the feedstock, followed by removal of a heavy fraction from the feedstock , in which process the separation of the light stream from the feedstock a fractionator is used and at least one product is collected from the light stream . The invention also relates to an apparatus for use in the process and use of a fractionator in dehydration of a feedstock containing tall oil.

The present invention discloses a gas distribution structure for a distillation column. Pressure drop adjusting column tray assemblies are arranged in a left mass transfer region and a right mass transfer region along a column height direction. The gas distribution structure includes column trays, gas-rising pipes, downcomers and cover hoods, wherein a gas flow meter is arranged in a pipe of any gas rising pipe; a feeding port and a liquid collecting port are formed in a column wall; a liquid flow meter, an adjusting valve and a circulation pump are arranged on a circulation pipeline between each liquid collecting port and each feeding port; technological parameters are transmitted to a control system; and the circulation pumps and the adjusting valves are controlled by the control system

The present invention discloses a gas distribution structure for a distillation column. Pressure drop adjusting column tray assemblies are arranged in a left mass transfer region and a right mass transfer region along a column height direction. The gas distribution structure includes column trays, gas-rising pipes, downcomers and cover hoods, wherein a gas flow meter is arranged in a pipe of any gas rising pipe; a feeding port and a liquid collecting port are formed in a column wall; a liquid flow meter, an adjusting valve and a circulation pump are arranged on a circulation pipeline between each liquid collecting port and each feeding port; technological parameters are transmitted to a control system; and the circulation pumps and the adjusting valves are controlled by the control system

An equal temperature fractional distillation chamber allows for more precise distillation by providing solid particulate matter with air spaces, such as Raschig rings, to radiate heat from the bottom of the chamber to an area where the vapors are separated. This area is unencumbered by Raschig rings or other devices and can be reduced in size, as necessary, to be less than 20% or 10% of the vertical height of the chamber. Further, a distillation key can enter from the top of the chamber and come down into the chamber with rings which encourage condensation of vapors which rise upwards. In this manner, a very controlled and accurate distillation can be achieved due to the higher heat capacity of the glass or other materials around the unencumbered region.

An equal temperature fractional distillation chamber allows for more precise distillation by providing solid particulate matter with air spaces, such as Raschig rings, to radiate heat from the bottom of the chamber to an area where the vapors are separated. This area is unencumbered by Raschig rings or other devices and can be reduced in size, as necessary, to be less than 20% or 10% of the vertical height of the chamber. Further, a distillation key can enter from the top of the chamber and come down into the chamber with rings which encourage condensation of vapors which rise upwards. In this manner, a very controlled and accurate distillation can be achieved due to the higher heat capacity of the glass or other materials around the unencumbered region.

The present invention provides a nanoparticle mass purification system capable of purifying nanoparticles at high yield and high purify from a nanoparticle synthesis stock solution synthesized in large quantities, and reusing the used solvent by recovery, and a nanoparticle mass purification method using same.

The present invention provides a nanoparticle mass purification system capable of purifying nanoparticles at high yield and high purify from a nanoparticle synthesis stock solution synthesized in large quantities, and reusing the used solvent by recovery, and a nanoparticle mass purification method using same.

A mass transfer column comprising: a shell (12); an open internal region (14) defined by said shell; and a mass transfer assembly (16) positioned in the open internal region (14), the mass transfer assembly (16) comprising: a dividing wall (18) forming first and second sub-regions; one or more zones of mass transfer structures positioned in the first and second sub-regions (22 and 24); and a liquid flow divider (48) positioned above the dividing wall (18) for delivering a volumetric split of liquid to the first and second sub-regions. The liquid flow divider (48) may comprise a moveable weir (68) or a valve (180) in order the change the ratio of liquid flow between the two sub-regions.