A method for producing bioacrolein using renewable glycerol as a feedstock as well as a method for producing bioacrylic acid using bioacrolein as a feedstock are provided in the present invention. Also provided in the present invention are recombinant microbial cells useful in producing 3-hydroxypropionaldhyde from glycerol, method of converting the 3-hydroxypropionaldhyde into bioacrolein and a process for recovering acrolein using a fractional distillation process.

A method for producing bioacrolein using renewable glycerol as a feedstock as well as a method for producing bioacrylic acid using bioacrolein as a feedstock are provided in the present invention. Also provided in the present invention are recombinant microbial cells useful in producing 3-hydroxypropionaldhyde from glycerol, method of converting the 3-hydroxypropionaldhyde into bioacrolein and a process for recovering acrolein using a fractional distillation process.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods useful in the separation of a mixed gaseous stream into one or more individual components. Resulting products can include, for example, carbon dioxide, sulfurous compounds (e.g., hydrogen sulfide), nitrogen, helium, fuel gas (e.g., natural gas, or a single or mixed hydrocarbon stream), and liquefied natural gas. The methods can include processing within a first contacting column a combination of a multi-component feed stream and an anti-freezing agent, removing from the first contacting column a stream containing a fuel gas, removing from the first contacting column a stream containing a sulfurous material, and processing the stream containing the sulfurous material in a second contacting column to provide a stream comprising at least ethane and to provide a separate stream comprising at least a portion of the sulfurous material.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods useful in the separation of a mixed gaseous stream into one or more individual components. Resulting products can include, for example, carbon dioxide, sulfurous compounds (e.g., hydrogen sulfide), nitrogen, helium, fuel gas (e.g., natural gas, or a single or mixed hydrocarbon stream), and liquefied natural gas. The methods can include processing within a first contacting column a combination of a multi-component feed stream and an anti-freezing agent, removing from the first contacting column a stream containing a fuel gas, removing from the first contacting column a stream containing a sulfurous material, and processing the stream containing the sulfurous material in a second contacting column to provide a stream comprising at least ethane and to provide a separate stream comprising at least a portion of the sulfurous material.

The present disclosure provides a novel azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-142), or 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141); and a separation method using the composition. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HFC-143. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-142. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-141. A separation method of a composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFC-143, HCFC-142, and HCFC-141.

The present disclosure provides a novel azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-142), or 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141); and a separation method using the composition. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HFC-143. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-142. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-141. A separation method of a composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFC-143, HCFC-142, and HCFC-141.

A process can treat a gaseous material mixture obtained by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas that contains at least alkenes, possibly alcohols and possibly alkanes, and also possibly nitrogen as inert gas and unconverted components of the synthesis gas, comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. After catalytic conversion of synthesis gas, separation of the product mixture obtained in this reaction into a gas phase and a liquid phase is performed by at least partial absorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, in a high boiling point hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture as an absorption medium, separation as the gas phase of the gases not absorbed into the absorption medium, separating an aqueous phase from the organic phase of the absorption medium, preferably by decanting, and desorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, from the absorption medium.

A process can treat a gaseous material mixture obtained by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas that contains at least alkenes, possibly alcohols and possibly alkanes, and also possibly nitrogen as inert gas and unconverted components of the synthesis gas, comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. After catalytic conversion of synthesis gas, separation of the product mixture obtained in this reaction into a gas phase and a liquid phase is performed by at least partial absorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, in a high boiling point hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture as an absorption medium, separation as the gas phase of the gases not absorbed into the absorption medium, separating an aqueous phase from the organic phase of the absorption medium, preferably by decanting, and desorption of the alkenes, possibly of the alcohols and possibly of the alkanes, from the absorption medium.

A process can produce alcohols having at least two carbon atoms by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas into a mixture containing alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. Alkenes are converted into corresponding alcohols in a subsequent step by hydration of the alkanes. Before the hydration and after the catalytic conversion, gas and liquid phases may be separated. Specific catalysts can be employed that have a markedly higher selectivity for alkenes than for alkanes. These catalysts comprise grains of non-graphitic carbon having cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein. The cobalt nanoparticles have an average diameter d.sub.p from 1 to 20 nm, and an average distance D between nanoparticles is from 2 to 150 nm. The combined total mass fraction of metal ω in the grains ranges from 30% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the grains of non-graphitic carbon, wherein 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to systems, apparatus, and methods for using graphene oxide-containing membranes for separation and concentration processes. In some embodiments, a fluid component having a first concentration in a fluid mixture can be concentrated using a first distillation process to a second concentration. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the second concentration to a third concentration using a graphene oxide-containing membrane. In some embodiments, the fluid component can be concentrated from the third concentration to a fourth concentration using a second distillation process. In some embodiments, the fluid component can have an azeotropic concentration between the second concentration and the third concentration.