Described are a high pressure carbamate condenser, urea plant, and urea production process. The high pressure carbamate condenser as described is of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger type with a tube bundle and has a redistribution chamber connected to tubes of the tube bundle and to a duct. The duct extends between the redistribution chamber and the shell.

The invention provides a method and system for suppressing the dew point of a compressed gas to a minimum level below ambient temperature by controlling pressure, cooling and removing liquid water condensate from the compressed gas prior to storage in a receiver vessel and/or delivery to point of use. In one embodiment, the method has an air intake for accepting ambient air having any level of water vapour content, a compressor for compressing the air, a heat exchanger which cools the compressed air and sets the water vapour content of the air to a value determined by the pressure and the exit temperature of air in the heat exchanger, a liquid water separation device which removes condensed liquid water, a pressure control valve which ensures the maintenance of a minimum set pressure in the upstream system, an air receiver to act as a reservoir for the delivery of unsaturated compressed air and a main system regulation valve used to limit the maximum pressure of the compressed air delivered to the downstream system. In a preferred embodiment, the equipment and methodology forms a complete system that can be used for general compressed air applications as well as in specific compressed gas processes that have a dry gas requirement.

A process for removing or reducing the accumulation of foulant within furnaces and heat exchangers in industrial systems such as an oil refinery by introducing a periodic steam blast. The steam blast is directed into the fluid stream from which the foulants form on to the heat exchanger surfaces. The steam blast increases the flow rates, creates turbulence and increases the temperature within the heat exchanger to dislodge foulant in both a soft and hardened states from internal surfaces upon which foulants have adhered and accumulated.

A zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) wastewater treatment apparatus is provided. The ZLD wastewater treatment apparatus includes a concentrator configured to concentrate wastewater to produce a primary concentrate, an evaporation crystallizer configured to concentrate and crystallize the primary concentrate to produce a secondary concentrate, a cooling crystallizer configured to cool the secondary concentrate to generate crystals from the secondary concentrate, a dehydrator configured to separate the product produced by the cooling crystallizer into a solid component and a liquid component, and a cooling system configured to cool the secondary concentrate introduced into the cooling crystallizer, wherein the liquid component produced by the dehydrator heat exchanges with a cooling medium in the cooling system and returns to the evaporation crystallizer.

Apparatus for producing liquid water from the condensation of atmospheric water vapor includes a transportable housing defining a first air inlet, a second air inlet, and an air outlet; first and second doors operable selectively to open and close the first and second air inlets, respectively; and at least one water condensation unit located in the housing between the first air inlet and the air outlet, and between the second air inlet and the air outlet. The housing is configured so that, when at least one of the first and second air inlets is open, at least a portion of an air flow into the at least one open air inlet is passed through the at least one condensation unit and out the air outlet.

Disclosed is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger type with a tube bundle and has a redistribution chamber connected to tubes of the tube bundle and to a duct. The duct extends between the redistribution chamber and the shell.

The present invention is a laboratory condenser adapted to be interchangeable from functioning as a reflux condenser to functioning as a distillation condenser as by inversion, and related methods of reflux and distillation that may be carried out by its use.

The invention relates to a mechanical vapour compression (MVC) desalination arrangement having a low compression ratio, with latent-heat exchangers having a high latent-heat exchange coefficient, with a temperature gradient between primary vapour and secondary vapour of approximately 1° C. or less, a compression ratio of 1.11 or less, high vapour volume, low overheating and a low-temperature saline solution to be desalinated, which arrangement allows industrial desalination with less specific energy per unit of desalinated water and is coupled to 100% renewable off-grid energy sources.

Method for collecting water vapor from air as liquid water. The method includes a refrigerant compressor circulating refrigerant through a controlled dimensioned condenser into a tubing loop. A portion of the tubing loop functions as a condenser. This tube conveys the pressurized refrigerant through an expansion valve. The refrigerant pressure and temperature decreases. Ambient water vapor collects on the exterior surface of the cooled section of tube now functioning as an evaporator. The water drops from the tube surface into a reservoir for use. The tube loop extends through a multiport control valve. The method includes a control valve that cyclically and sequentially directs the refrigerant pumped from the compressor into alternate ends of the tubing loop. The cycles continually repeat. The cycles can be controlled by fluid temperature. The device can include a power supply and microprocessor controlling the generator and valves. The device may utilize a switch that detects water or ice deposits on the tube. The device can comprise a moveable frame supporting all above components.

A process for thermal cracking of a feedstock of plastic materials, in particular waste materials, includes the steps of melting the feedstock, conveying melted feedstock in a pyrolysis chamber where the melted feedstock is heated in a substantially oxygen purged environment, to convert it into pyrolysis gases, the process further comprising the steps of: driving pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis chamber into a tray reflux column comprising a partial condenser at its upper extremity, returning pyrolysis gases condensed in the tray reflux column into the pyrolysis chamber, distilling pyrolysis gases exiting the partial condenser of the reflux column, to provide one or more fuel products.