Systems and methods for producing water from process gas are provided herein. The systems include a water generating system that adjusts the pressure and temperature conditions surrounding a hygroscopic material in order to release water vapor generated by exposure of the hygroscopic material to the process gas.

A wick liquid sensor suitable for use in a particle condensation device is provided. The sensor includes a light source configured to illuminate a surface of the wick. A detector is configured to detect wick reflected light from the light source and determine the intensity of reflected light. The wick is formed from a porous media that is wettable by the liquid, and becomes translucent when filled with the liquid. The amount of reflectivity decreases as the saturation content of the liquid in the wick increases.

Methods and related systems are disclosed for condensing a minor portion of an effluent stream from an alkylation reactor by contacting the effluent stream with a first liquid hydrocarbon quench stream and a second liquid hydrocarbon quench stream. The effluent stream includes catalyst fines from the reactor, and at least a portion of the catalyst fines are carried with the condensed minor portion of the effluent stream.

A desalination device may comprise: a membrane distillation module comprising a water feed chamber, a carrier gas (CG) chamber, and a hydrophobic microporous membrane configured to separate the water feed chamber and the CG chamber; and a bubble column dehumidifier comprising a bubble column inlet, a bubble column gas outlet, and a product outlet, wherein the MD module allows water vapor to translocate to the CG chamber, but not liquid water, and wherein the water feed each chamber has comprises a water feed inlet and a water feed outlet, wherein the CG chamber comprises a CG chamber inlet and CG chamber outlet, wherein the CG chamber outlet is upstream of and connected to the bubble column dehumidifier, and wherein the CG chamber inlet is downstream of and connected to the bubble column dehumidifier so as to cycle a carrier gas through the CG chamber and the bubble column dehumidifier.

A method for preventing fouling of a demister is disclosed. A process fluid is provided into a vessel. A gas is provided to a gas inlet of the vessel. The gas comprises a component that desublimates, crystallizes, solidifies, reacts, or a combination thereof, in the process fluid, forming a first solid. The gas is passed through the process fluid, the component of the gas forming the first solid, resulting in a component-depleted gas. The component-depleted gas is passed out of the process fluid, causing splashing or spurting of the process fluid and the first solid. The diverter section is provided between the demister and the gas inlet, the diverter section comprising a physical obstruction preventing the process fluid and the first solid from splashing or spurting onto the demister. In this manner, fouling of the demister is prevented.

Disclosed is a process to produce a purified vapor comprising dialkyl-furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DAFD). Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and an alcohol in an esterification zone to generate a crude diester stream containing dialkyl furan dicarboxylate (DAFD), unreacted alcohol, 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid (ACFC), and alkyl furan-2-carboxylate (AFC). The esterification zone comprises at least one reactor that has been previously used in an DMT process.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

A method for condensing a vapor uses a multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser that includes at least a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage, each with a carrier-gas inlet and outlet as well as a condensing bath and a volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath. The carrier-gas inlet of the second and third stages is in the form of a sieve plate. The first-stage condensing bath is at a temperature of 60 C. to 90 C. Carrier gas flows at a temperature above 60 C. and up to 93 C. into and through the carrier-gas inlet of the first stage, then into and through the condensing bath in the first stage, and then into and through the volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath in the first stage. The carrier gas then similarly flows through the second- and third-stage condensing baths, each of which is at least 5 C. cooler than the temperature of the condensing bath in the preceding stage. Additional carrier gas is injected through an intermediate-exchange inlet into the volume of carrier gas above the condensing bath in at least one of the first and second stages to control the heat and mass profile of the carrier gas flowing through the stages of the multi-stage bubble-column vapor mixture condenser and to thereby maintain the temperature differentials between the condensing baths in the first, second, and third stages.

A manufacturing system of an electronic-grade ammonia solution comprises: a mixing tank to mix an unsaturated ammonia aqueous solution and alkali to obtain a mixing solution; a stripping unit, disposes downstream the mixing tank and comprises a heat exchanger to heat the mixing solution, and a stripping column to mix a nitrogen gas and the heated mixing solution to obtain a mixing gas; a first absorption unit, disposes downstream the stripping unit and comprises a first condensation unit to cool down the mixing gas, and a first absorption column to mix a saturated ammonia aqueous solution and the cooled mixing gas to obtain a purge gas; and a second absorption unit, disposes downstream the first absorption unit and comprises a second condensation unit to cool down a DI water, and a second absorption column to mix the cooled DI water and the purge gas to obtain electronic-grade ammonia solution.

A method for cooling a fluid from an electrolysis unit and extracting water from ambient air comprising: conducting moist air having a first molar amount of water and raw water into an evaporator unit in a counterflow at a temperature at or below the boiling temperature of the water; evaporating pure water from the raw water into the moist air and cooling the raw water; conducting the cooled raw water into a heat exchanger thereby cooling the fluid stream of the electrolysis unit; conducting the moist air and the pure water into a water extraction unit; separating a second molar amount of the pure water off from the moist air in the water extraction unit, wherein a third molar amount of water remaining in the air is less than the first; conducting the preheated raw water back to the evaporator; and conducting the cooled fluid back into the electrolysis unit.