A method for continuously removing water vapor from a carrier gas is disclosed. This method includes, first, causing direct contact of the carrier gas with a liquid mixture in a separation chamber, the carrier gas condensing at a lower temperature than the water vapor. A combination of chemical effects cause the water vapor to condense, complex, or both condense and complex with the liquid mixture. The liquid mixture is chosen from the group consisting of: first, a combination of components that can be maintained in a liquid phase at a temperature below the water vapor's condensation point, whereby the water vapor condenses into the liquid mixture; second, a combination of components where at least one component forms a chemical complex with the water vapor and thereby extracts at least a portion of the water vapor from the carrier gas; and third, a combination of components that can both be maintained in a liquid phase at a temperature below the water vapor's condensation point, and wherein at least one component forms a chemical complex with the water vapor and thereby extracts at least a portion of the water vapor from the carrier gas. The liquid mixture is then reconstituted after passing through the separation chamber by a chemical separation process chosen to remove an equivalent amount of the water vapor from the liquid mixture as was removed from the carrier gas. The reconstituted liquid mixture is restored to temperature and pressure through heat exchange, compression, and expansion, as necessary, in preparation for recycling back to the separation chamber. The liquid mixture is then returned to the separation chamber. In this manner, the carrier gas leaving the exchanger has between 1% and 100% of the water vapor removed.

A flue gas condensation water extraction system includes a flue gas condensation-end system and a flue gas refrigeration source-end system. The flue gas condensation-end system includes a desulfurization absorption tower, a flue gas purification and condensation tower, and a condensed water storage tank. The flue gas purification and condensation tower is arranged above the desulfurization absorption tower. A flue gas outlet, a water inlet, and a water outlet are provided on the flue gas purification and condensation tower. The flue gas refrigeration source-end system includes a cooling tower. The water outlet is connected to the condensed water storage tank via a condensed water downcomer. The water inlet is connected to the cooling tower via a circulating water supply pipe. A condensation circulation water pump is provided on the circulating water supply pipe. The cooling tower is connected to the condensed water storage tank via a circulating water return pipe.

A high efficiency distillation head and methods of use has a distillation head that may be used for efficient fractional distillation of high boiling point compounds, and includes a lower insulated jacket surrounding a fractionating column and an upper insulated jacket surrounding a condenser. An exit path of equal or greater cross sectional area to the fractionating column is located at or below the top of the fractionating column.

A high efficiency distillation head and methods of use has a distillation head that may be used for efficient fractional distillation of high boiling point compounds, and includes a lower insulated jacket surrounding a fractionating column and an upper insulated jacket surrounding a condenser. An exit path of equal or greater cross sectional area to the fractionating column is located at or below the top of the fractionating column.

The present invention relates to a process and device for condensing a first fluid rich in carbon dioxide using a second fluid.

A system and method for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis conduit and a solids return conduit segment. Each segment is configured with an outlet and an inlet to receive and discharge solid materials that are circulated through the reactor through the different segments. A solids conveyor is disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet. A pyrolysis feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the feedstock is converted to pyrolysis gases within the pyrolysis conduit segment, which are discharged through a gas outlet.

A method for separating ethanol from fermented biomass is provided. Fermented biomass that is rich in ethanol is used directly as packing material in a distillation column, and a small amount of water at the bottom of the column is used to efficiently transfer heat to the biomass at the bottom of the column. The fermented biomass packing has a high ratio of surface area to volume, making an efficient packing material. As vapor condenses on the biomass, diffusion of ethanol/water vapor from the body of the biomass enriches the ethanol concentration at the surface of the biomass. Droplets containing lower concentrations of ethanol drip downwards from the biomass, and vapors containing higher concentrations of ethanol rise upwards from the biomass, resulting in a higher concentration of ethanol at the top of the column than was initially in the biomass.

A method for separating ethanol from fermented biomass is provided. Fermented biomass that is rich in ethanol is used directly as packing material in a distillation column, and a small amount of water at the bottom of the column is used to efficiently transfer heat to the biomass at the bottom of the column. The fermented biomass packing has a high ratio of surface area to volume, making an efficient packing material. As vapor condenses on the biomass, diffusion of ethanol/water vapor from the body of the biomass enriches the ethanol concentration at the surface of the biomass. Droplets containing lower concentrations of ethanol drip downwards from the biomass, and vapors containing higher concentrations of ethanol rise upwards from the biomass, resulting in a higher concentration of ethanol at the top of the column than was initially in the biomass.

A system and method for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis conduit and a solids return conduit segment. Each segment is configured with an outlet and an inlet to receive and discharge solid materials that are circulated through the reactor through the different segments. A solids conveyor is disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet. A pyrolysis feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the feedstock is converted to pyrolysis gases within the pyrolysis conduit segment, which are discharged through a gas outlet. An eductor condenser unit with an eductor assembly having a venturi-restricted flow path for receives a pressurized coolant fluid. A second flow path for receiving the discharged pyrolysis gases intersects the venturi-restricted flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid and are discharged together to a mixing chamber that is used to condense pyrolysis gases.

A method for continuously removing water vapor from a carrier gas is disclosed. This method includes, first, causing direct contact of the carrier gas with a liquid mixture in a separation chamber, the carrier gas condensing at a lower temperature than the water vapor. A combination of chemical effects cause the water vapor to condense, complex, or both condense and complex with the liquid mixture. The liquid mixture is chosen from the group consisting of: first, a combination of components that can be maintained in a liquid phase at a temperature below the water vapor's condensation point, whereby the water vapor condenses into the liquid mixture; second, a combination of components where at least one component forms a chemical complex with the water vapor and thereby extracts at least a portion of the water vapor from the carrier gas; and third, a combination of components that can both be maintained in a liquid phase at a temperature below the water vapor's condensation point, and wherein at least one component forms a chemical complex with the water vapor and thereby extracts at least a portion of the water vapor from the carrier gas. The liquid mixture is then reconstituted after passing through the separation chamber by a chemical separation process chosen to remove an equivalent amount of the water vapor from the liquid mixture as was removed from the carrier gas. The reconstituted liquid mixture is restored to temperature and pressure through heat exchange, compression, and expansion, as necessary, in preparation for recycling back to the separation chamber. The liquid mixture is then returned to the separation chamber. In this manner, the carrier gas leaving the exchanger has between 1% and 100% of the water vapor removed.