A cold trap has multiple interior spaces formed within one unit such that a vacuum pump pulls only dry air and distillate substantially fully or fully condenses and drops out of the bottom of the device. Laminar flow through a side portal is converted into turbulent flow in a cooling region around a conical cold glass or other inert protrusion. The only other portal of the cooling region is a bottom portal such that though there is vacuum suction, vapors only exit through the bottom portal after condensing and falling through an outer section while dry air is pulled upwards to an upper vacuum portal.

A method for cryogenic cooling without fouling is disclosed. The method comprises providing a first cryogenic liquid saturated with a dissolved gas; expanding the first cryogenic liquid into a separation vessel, separating into a vapor, a second cryogenic liquid, and a first solid; drawing the vapor into a heat exchanger and the second cryogenic liquid and the first solid out of the separation vessel; cooling the vapor against a coolant through the heat exchanger, causing the vapor to form a third cryogenic liquid and a second solid, the second solid dissolving in the third cryogenic liquid; and combining the second cryogenic liquid and the first solid with the third cryogenic liquid, producing a final cooled slurry. In this manner, the cryogenic cooling is accomplished without fouling.

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for reducing propane content in a refrigerant containing propane. The refrigerant is then used for maintaining the required temperature range in a reactor. Compared to a conventional system and method, the system and method of the present disclosure are capable of reducing the propane content in a refrigerant and maintaining the required temperature range in the reactor effectively.

The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for the biological processing of hydrocarbon-containing substances. In particular embodiments, the systems and methods herein relate to pre-digestion of hydrocarbon containing substances and further processing of the same to produce hydrocarbon fuels, fertilizer, and other products.

A method which allows the ejection of non-condensable gases, notably air, from a closed loop power generation process or heat pump system, is disclosed. A vessel in which a working fluid is absorbed or condensed can be separated from the power generation processes by valves. Residual gas comprising C02, non-condensable gas such as air, water and alkaline materials including amines may be compressed by raising the liquid level in said vessel. The concurrent pressure increase leads to the selective absorption of C02 by alkaline materials. In simpler embodiments, mainly air is removed from one- or two-component processes. Following the compression, non-condensable gas may be vented, optionally through a filter. The method is simple and economic as vacuum pumps may be omitted. The method is useful for any power generation and Rankine cycle, and particularly useful for the power generation process known as C3 or Carbon Carrier Cycle.

A method is disclosed for activating or regenerating a Fischer Tropsch catalyst used in a gas-to-liquids process operating in recycle mode. The method permits the use of specific inert gases to adjust the mole weight of the gas so that the recycle compressor designed for normal steady state operation can also be used in the ROR method. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are specifically excluded for the reduction steps of the ROR method as they have been demonstrated to have a negative effect on the method. Nitrogen is used in the oxidation step with small amounts of oxygen containing gas, preferably air, and may be modified with the addition of argon, helium, or carbon dioxide if the mole weight of the oxidation gas needs to be modified to satisfy the requirements of the compressor.

A cold trap has multiple interior spaces formed within one unit such that a vacuum pump pulls only dry air and distillate substantially fully or fully condenses and drops out of the bottom of the device. Laminar flow through a side portal is converted into turbulent flow in a cooling region around a conical cold glass or other inert protrusion. The only other portal of the cooling region is a bottom portal such that though there is vacuum suction, vapors only exit through the bottom portal after condensing and falling through an outer section while dry air is pulled upwards to an upper vacuum portal.

A method includes providing a molten stream of a metal material to an atomizer, atomizing the molten stream using at least one jet of a vapor stream comprising a selenium vapor to form atomized droplets, and solidifying the atomized droplets to form selenized metal particles.

A method and apparatus for cooling compressed air include the following. Compressed air is introduced into a vortex tube where cold air and warm air are generated. The cold air and warm air are introduced into a pressure vessel where the temperature and moisture of the compressed air are adjusted. The adjusted compressed air is fed to a downstream side of the pressure vessel. Before the generated cold air and warm air are introduced into the pressure vessel, the warm air is introduced into a pre-pressure vessel disposed at an upstream side of the pressure vessel. The cold air is introduced into a cooling tube or cooling chamber which is disposed inside the pre-pressure vessel which is disposed at the upstream side of the pressure vessel. The warm air is adjusted by cooling. The adjusted warm air is introduced into the pressure vessel from the pre-pressure vessel together with the cold air.

A system for condensing moisture in a moist gas stream entering or leaving a bioreactor includes a condenser container, the condenser container comprising: an outer wall surface and an inner wall surface, the inner wall surface defining an interior chamber for holding a fluid; and a first fitment attached to the outer wall surface and forming a first port configured to allow the moist gas stream to flow into the interior chamber; a second fitment attached to the outer wall surface and forming a second port configured to allow a dried gas to flow from the interior chamber and out of the second port; and a cooling device in contact with at least one portion of the outer wall surface and arranged to cool the at least one portion of the outer wall surface.