A plant and a process may be utilized to isolate a carboxylic acid from a fermentation broth. The process may involve separating a biomass from the fermentation broth containing a salt of the carboxylic acid to produce a low-biomass solution. The separation of the biomass may be performed in a first step by centrifugation, separation, precoat filtration, or microfiltration, and in a second step by ultrafiltration. The process may further involve concentrating the salt of the carboxylic acid in the low-biomass solution. The concentrated solution may then be acidified. Further, precipitation of the carboxylic acid may be obtained by acidification.

A method for preparing a purified styrene composition with a styrene yield of at least 80%. The method comprises providing a crude composition containing styrene, and subjecting the crude composition to at least one crystallization step. The at least one crystallization step comprises at least one static crystallization stage and at least one dynamic crystallization stage.

The pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of medicines and drug discolouration is one of the leading causes for drug recall. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of manufacturing cannabinoids for use in pharmaceuticals that is both stable and substantially pure. Such use of stable and substantially pure cannabinoids in pharmaceuticals will improve patient compliance to medication. The main steps of the method are decarboxylation, extraction, winterization and crystallisation.

A crystallization column and a crystallization method. The crystallization column comprises an upper head (1), a tower body (2) and a lower head (3), wherein a crystallization section (11) is provided with a tray (14); and the tray (14) comprises a tray plate (15) and a plurality of lower crystallization members (17). The top end of the lower crystallization member (17) can form a movable connection with the tray plate (15), so that the two adjacent lower crystallizing members (17) are capable of oscillating collisions. The tray (14) may also comprise a plurality of upper crystallization members (21) extending upwardly from the upper surface of the tray plate (15).

Methods and systems for preparing crystalline particle compositions using focused acoustic processing to control a number or count of crystalline particles generated. Peak incident power of focused acoustic energy used to cause primary nucleation kinetics of a solute may be adjusted to adjust the number or count of crystalline particles.

An equipment assembly for preparing, harvesting and collecting particles is disclosed. The assembly comprises a tandem filter system with one or more high pressure filters, one or more low pressure filters and one or more collection vessel. Particles can be prepared, harvested and collected continuously, semi-continuously or in a batch-type operation. A tandem filter system and its method of use are also disclosed. Particles made with the assembly and according the instant methods are also disclosed. The assembly provides improved particle harvesting and collection over other systems and permits continuous particle formation, in particular by dispersion of a solute-containing process fluid within a supercritical anti-solvent.

The present invention relates to the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of focal seizures. In one embodiment the patients suffering from focal seizures are children and young adults. CBD appears particularly effective in reducing focal seizures in patients suffering with etiologies that include: Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome; Tuberous Sclerosis Complex; Dravet Syndrome; CDKL5; Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL); febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES); Aicardi syndrome and brain abnormalities in comparison to other seizure types. Significantly CBD additionally is very effective in the reduction of a sub-type of focal seizures, focal seizures with impairment.

Stable liquid formulations dominant in cannabidiol (CBD) can be manufactured by a sequential process of purification to create a formulation that does not crystallize under a variety of storage and use conditions, and without the use of potentially harmful additives. For example, the formulation may be used in vaporization devices (i.e., electronic cigarettes) that typically require formulations to remain in a non-crystalline, non-solid, or non-partially solid state. The liquid formulations dominant in CBD may further contain other phytocannabinoids, including, but not limited to, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) in higher concentrations than unrefined and refined cannabis extracts obtained via existing methods.

A process for the separation of a substance from a liquid feed mixture and for the purification of the substance by fractional layer crystallization, wherein the liquid feed mixture comprises the substance to be separated and purified in a concentration of less than 50% by weight, which comprises the subsequent steps in the given order: (a) feeding the liquid feed mixture into a crystallization zone, in which at least one surface is provided, so that at least a part of the surface contacts the liquid feed mixture, (b) cooling the at least one surface of the crystallization zone to a temperature below the equilibrium freezing temperature of the liquid feed mixture so that a crystal layer enriched in the substance to be separated and purified is deposited on the at least one cooled surface, whereby a mother liquid having a lower concentration of the substance to be separated and purified than the liquid feed mixture is formed from the liquid feed mixture, (c) removing at least a portion of the mother liquid from the crystallization zone, (d) adding a further portion of liquid feed mixture into the crystallization zone, (e) allowing further deposition of a crystal layer enriched in the substance to be separated and purified to take place on the at least one cooled surface, (f) optionally carrying out a sweating stage and removing a sweating residue and (g) melting the crystal layer to obtain the separated and purified substance.

A temperature gradient chromatography, and apparatus for the same, said method comprising the following: a) dissolving a composition comprising at least one polymer in at least one solvent, to form a polymer solution; b) injecting at least a portion of the polymer solution onto a support material and wherein the support material has a CI from 0.70 to 1.50; c) cooling the support material at a rate greater than, or equal to, 0.2? C./min; d) increasing the temperature of the support material to elute at least some of the polymer; e) generating the chromatogram.