The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources, such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

Aspects of the disclosure include crystalline solids of 3-palmitoyl-amido-1,2-propanediol and 3-palmitoyl-amido-2-hydroxy-1-dimethoxytriphenylmethylether-propane. Methods for preparing the crystalline solids of 3-palmitoyl-amido-1,2-propanediol and single crystals of 3-palmitoyl-amido-2-hydroxy-1-dimethoxytriphenylmethylether-propane are also provided. Methods for preparing a 3-palmitoyl-amido-2-hydroxy-1-dimethoxytriphenylmethylether-propane from a crystalline solid of 3-palmitoyl-amido-1,2-propanediol are also described.

A continuous process for producing crystalline ammonium sulfate, said process comprising a start-up operation followed by a steady-state operation, wherein the start-up operation comprises: i) in a crystallizer, evaporating solvent from an approximately saturated ammonium sulfate solution; ii) replacing evaporated solvent with further approximately proximately saturated ammonium sulfate solution; iii) introducing to the crystallizer seed crystals of ammonium sulfate; iv) continuing to evaporate solvent, until a desired degree of supersaturation is reached; and v) recovering crystalline ammonium sulfate from ammonium sulfate solution in a recovery unit, and the steady-state operation comprises: vi) continuously feeding approximately saturated ammonium sulfate solution into the crystallizer and continuously withdrawing ammonium sulfate crystals from the crystallizer, such that the total combined volume of ammonium sulfate solution and ammonium sulfate crystals within the crystallizer remains constant; and vii) recovering crystalline ammonium sulfate from ammonium sulfate solution in a recovery unit, characterized in that the degree of supersaturation in the crystallizer during the start-up operation is maintained between 1.2% and the point at which primary nucleation occurs; and apparatus suitable for carrying out the process.

Provided are an inositol nicotinate crystalline form A and a preparation method therefor. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis, obtained by using Cu-K ray measurement, of the inositol nicotinate crystalline form A has obvious characteristic diffraction peaks at least at 2 values, expressed in degrees, of 7.05, 7.41, 9.74, 17.80, 19.86, 23.57, 25.48 and 26.20 with an error range of +/0.2. The preparation method is one of or a mixed crystallization method of two or more of an evaporation crystallization method, a cooling crystallization method or an anti-solvent crystallization method. The process thereof is simple and easy to operate, and has more selectivity; the inositol nicotinate crystalline form A can be prepared by various methods, and the prepared product has a good crystallization degree and high chemical stability; and the inositol nicotinate crystalline form A prepared by the present method does not have the problem that a residual solvent is out-of-limit.

An organic compound refinement method for refining a specific organic compound which is a target compound from at least two types of organic compounds. The method includes separating the target compound from an organic compound other than the target compound while the at least two types of organic compounds are irradiated with light at an infrared absorption wavelength of a specific functional group that is not contained in the target compound but is contained in the organic compound other than the target compound, or separating the target compound from an organic compound other than the target compound while the at least two types of organic compounds are irradiated with light at an infrared absorption wavelength of a specific functional group that is contained in the target compound but is not contained in the organic compound other than the target compound.

The present invention provides an aqueous solution evaporative treatment method that makes it possible to efficiently perform evaporative treatment of an aqueous solution containing calcium, magnesium, and silica. The aqueous solution evaporative treatment method comprises a seed crystal mixing step of adding to and mixing with an aqueous solution containing calcium, magnesium, and silica at least any one of magnesium salt and silicate together with calcium salt as seed crystals, and an evaporative concentration step of evaporatively concentrating the aqueous solution together with the seed crystals.

A method for the extraction and isolation of the terpene and isoprenoid compounds from plant material, followed by a centrifugal force induced selective crystallization of isoprenoids resulting in a separation of terpene and isoprenoid fractions. This this method is suitable for the extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis and the enrichment tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and reduction of tetrahydrocannabinol in an extract. The purity of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid resulting from centrifugal crystallization is such that dissolution and selective recrystallization of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid is possible resulting in >99.9% pure tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, w/w.

Demilitarization and disposal of HC smoke ordnance with recovery of constituents thereof as commodities entails mechanically removing from the ordnance a filler comprising hexachloroethane, zinc oxide and grained aluminum; heating the filler to a temperature above the sublimation temperature of hexachloroethane but safely below the temperature at which hexachloroethane chemically decomposes, and draining and collecting the dense hexachloroethane vapor; and conventionally separating the aluminum from the zinc oxide. Filler is supplied to and removed from a heating compartment from above; hexachloroethane drains via a lower portion of the heating compartment.

The present invention relates to a technique for flow crystallization. The system comprises a container having a bottom surface defining a first plane, the container including at least two planar magnetic surfaces being arranged in a spaced-apart manner along a first plane and being substantially parallel to a second plane; a magnetization vector of each of the magnetic surfaces being perpendicularly to the surface, wherein the container is configured such that the first plane is substantially perpendicularly to the second plane; wherein a cavity formed in between the planar magnetic surfaces is configured to accommodate a racemic mixture including different enantiomers such that each magnetic surface interacts differently with each of the different enantiomers to thereby enable enantio-selective crystallization. Therefore, the system of the present invention is based on enantio-separation of the crystals using magnetic surfaces.

A method for preparing nickel/manganese/lithium/cobalt sulfate and tricobalt tetraoxide from battery wastes adopts the following process: dissolving battery wastes with acid, removing iron and aluminum, removing calcium, magnesium and copper, carrying extraction separation, and carrying out evaporative crystallization to prepare nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate, lithium sulfate, cobalt sulfate or/and tricobalt tetraoxide. By using the method, multiple metal elements, such as nickel, manganese, lithium and cobalt, can be simultaneously recovered from the battery wastes, the recovered products are high in purity and can reach battery grade, battery-grade tricobalt tetraoxide can also be directly produced. The method is simple in process, low in, energy consumption and free in exhaust gas pollution, and can realize zero release of wastewater.