A method for producing complexed particles including obtaining a good solvent solution, by dissolving Li.sub.2S, and LiX (X is at least one selected from a group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I) in a good solvent, and precipitating particles by contacting the good solvent solution with a poor solvent having a temperature at least 165 C. higher than the boiling point of the good solvent, to evaporate off the good solvent. The method further satisfies at least one of the following: (i) the good solvent solution being obtained by further dissolving H.sub.2S in the good solvent, and (ii) H.sub.2S being dissolved in the poor solvent.

Methods and systems for treating brine to produce distilled water and dried NaCl are disclosed. The brine enters a crystallization plant and is heated. Once heated, the brine is circulated to an evaporator. The evaporator increases the concentration of NaCl in the brine to a point about the super saturation level. Once above the super saturation level, NaCl crystals are formed. The larger crystals are circulated to a centrifuge for drying and the smaller crystals are recirculated through the evaporator for continued growth. The NaCl crystals are dried in the centrifuge.

Processes and apparatuses for enhanced heat recover}/in a paraxylene manufacturing plant use a side condenser to recover high quality heat. By placing the side condenser below the location of a feed stream comprising low molecular weight gases, the heat recovered is free of such non-condensable gases. Such gases are undesirable when using the condensed vapor in other applications.

A system for the crystallization of a substance to be crystallized which is dissolved in a solvent, comprising a crystallization apparatus which is flowed through by a solution to be concentrated which has the substance to be crystallized dissolved therein, and by a heating steam or a heating liquid, wherein the crystallization apparatus has at least one flow passage conducting the solution to be concentrated, at least one flow passage conducting the heating steam or the heating liquid, and at least one flow passage conducting vaporous solvent, wherein a respective flow passage conducting the solution to be concentrated is at least partly separated from a respective flow passage conducting the heating steam or the heating liquid by a steam-impermeable and liquid-impermeable wall and wherein a respective flow passage conducting the solution to be concentrated is at least partly separated from a respective flow passage conducting the vaporous solvent by a membrane wall permeable to the vaporous solvent, but not to the liquid solvent, wherein the crystallization apparatus is configured such that the solution to be concentrated is boiled in the respective flow passage conducting the solution to be concentrated and vaporous solvent produced during the boiling moves through the membrane wall into the adjacent flow passage conducting the vaporous solvent.

The present invention relates to a three-phase methodology to obtain a highly concentrated, purified chemical component from plant material in an industrial setting. The three phases of the methodology of the present invention include Phase 1: Preparing and solubilization, Phase 2: Separation and Salting and Phase 3: crystallization. The methodology results in dried composition purified from a plant material having at least 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% of the chemical component by weight.

A levulinic acid composition A having: a. at least 95 wt. % of levulinic acid; b. between 5 wppm and 5000 wppm of formic acid; and c. less than 1000 wppm of angelica lactone, based on the total weight of the composition. A process for the isolation of a levulinic acid composition, having the following steps: a. performing acid catalyzed hydrolysis of a C6 carbohydrate-containing feedstock to obtain reaction product X, b. subjecting of reaction product X to solid-liquid separation to provide a composition 1, c. feeding composition 1 to at least two purification steps to treat composition 1 to obtain a levulinic acid composition, wherein a second or a further purification step is a melt crystallization step.

A crystalline pigment or colorant composition having high color intensity and/or low sugar content, and methods and processes of preparation. The composition may comprise purified fruit and/or vegetable color juices.

The present invention pertains in general to a system and method for the separation alpha-acids and other desirable compounds from post-process fermentation solids which are otherwise subject to discard after being used for a fermentation process such as the brewing of beer. The system and method, although described surrounding use with alpha-acids as associated with a beer brewing process, can be used in the extraction of soluble compounds from solids generically.

The invention relates to a process of creating particles of controlled size by creating them in the interstitial regions in a batch, semi-continuous, or continuous liquid phase. The method comprises making solid particles comprising: adding a precursor material to a liquid carrier to form a liquid continuous phase, wherein the concentration of the precursor material is from about 5% to about 99% by weight of the continuous liquid phase; adding an inert phase into the liquid continuous phase of step a, resulting in an inert phase and continuous liquid phase mixture having a volume fraction of the inert phase of from about 30% to about 98% and inert phase domain size of about 0.2 to about 200 m; transforming the precursor material physically or chemically, resulting in the formation of solid particles.

A crystalline pigment or colorant composition having high color intensity and/or low sugar content, and methods and processes of preparation. The composition may comprise purified fruit and/or vegetable color juices.