The invention relates to a method for separating chlorine from a gaseous anode outlet stream mass flow of an electrochemical cell reactor. In a first aspect, the method makes use of an absorption step, wherein an anode outlet stream mass flow of the electrochemical cell reactor is exposed to an organic solvent being essentially immiscible with water for achieving an exergy-efficient separation of chlorine and hydrogen chloride. In a further aspect, the method makes use of absorption step, wherein the anode outlet stream mass flow is exposed to an ionic liquid, wherein the hydrogen chloride is dissolved in said ionic liquid, thereby forming a gas flow containing essentially chlorine and a solution mass flow comprising the ionic liquid and the hydrogen chloride. The hydrogen chloride is desorbed from the solution mass flow in a desorption step. In another aspect, the method makes use of a distillation step, wherein the anode outlet stream mass flow is separated at a static pressure of at least 2 bar for an exergy-efficient separation.

A method of producing biodiesel using a conduit contactor in fluid communication with a collection vessel includes: introducing a first stream including an alcohol proximate a plurality of fibers positioned within the conduit contactor and extending proximate to the collection vessel; introducing a second stream including an oil into the conduit contactor proximate to the plurality of fibers, wherein the second stream is in contact with the first stream; reacting the oil and the alcohol to for a single phase; receiving the single phase in the collection vessel; and separating biodiesel from the single phase.

The present disclosure provides a formation method for a slag flow that includes combining a first liquid and a second liquid that is not compatible with the first liquid, moving the second liquid that is combined with the first liquid to an upstream side with respect to a combination point of the first liquid and the second liquid in a flow direction of the first liquid, and moving, by the first liquid, the second liquid that is retained on the upstream side with respect to the combination point of the first liquid and the second liquid in the flow direction of the first liquid, to a downstream side with respect to the combination point of the first liquid and the second liquid in the flow direction of the first liquid, where a density D1 of the first liquid and a density D2 of the second liquid satisfy a relationship of D1>D2, and provides an application thereof.

Processes are described for obtaining highly purified tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCa) from Cannabis. Solvent extraction is performed on plant material or extract, followed by removal of impurities using sequential liquid-liquid extractions to purify cannabinoid carboxylic acids therefrom based on chemical properties of carboxylate salts. The product liquor, comprising THCa in solvent, is largely free of impurities, and high in THCa. Further steps can be conducted to obtain a highly enriched solution using chromatography and subsequent crystallization of THCa in 99% purity. THCa can be used as starting material for other products that include THC by decarboxylation. Optionally, triglyceride extraction of a washed aqueous phase can be used to prepare a THCa composition without chromatographic purification. A pre-processing aqueous extraction with pH manipulations may be used to remove biomass prior to solvent extraction, while maintaining THCa and optionally other cannabinoid acids.

A method and system for deodorizing an edible oil or fat. The method includes stripping substances from the oil or fat with a stripping medium at high temperature at a pressure of less than 5 mbar, and reducing volume and increasing pressure of the stripping medium in a multi-step process. In a first step the volume of the stripping medium is reduced by cooling it using a first heat transfer fluid loop at a first temperature, and the pressure is increased to a first intermediate pressure. In a second step the volume is reduced by cooling using a second heat transfer fluid loop at a second temperature, and it he pressure is increased to a second intermediate pressure. In a third step the volume is reduced by cooling using a third heat transfer fluid loop at a third temperature, and the pressure is increased to atmospheric pressure.

A method of manufacturing a cobalt-nickel-containing solution including: preparing a crude nickel hydroxide and/or a crude cobalt hydroxide as a starting material, the crude nickel or cobalt hydroxide containing cobalt and nickel and elements except the cobalt and nickel as impurities, the crude nickel hydroxide containing the nickel more than the cobalt, and the crude cobalt hydroxide containing the cobalt more than the nickel; a water-washing process for obtaining a post-water-washing crude hydroxide from the starting material; a leaching process for obtaining a post-leaching solution from the post-water-washing crude hydroxide; a neutralization process of subjecting the post-leaching solution to neutralization and solid-liquid-separation to remove the impurities as a post-neutralization residue containing one or more of iron, silicon, aluminum, and chromium, thereby obtaining a post-neutralization solution; and an extraction process of subjecting the post-neutralization solution to solvent extraction to obtain a post-extraction solution containing cobalt and nickel with the impurities reduced.

The present invention relates to an extraction apparatus for extracting at least one constituent in a substance. The extraction apparatus comprises an extractor, an extraction separator and an extraction condenser. The extractor is used to mix the substance and an extraction fluid, wherein the extraction fluid is a subcritical fluid. The extraction separator is connected to the extractor for receiving and heating the extraction fluid to gasify the extraction fluid and to separate the constituent and the gasified extraction fluid. The extraction condenser is connected to the extraction separator and the extractor for receiving and liquefying the gasified extraction fluid from the extraction separator and sending the liquefied extraction fluid to the extractor.

Disclosed is a method for treating water, including the extraction of at least two ionic species, the ionic species including an anionic species and a cationic species and being present in the water to be treated, the method especially including a step of mixing a liquid hydrophobic organic phase and the water to be treated, the water to be treated being in the liquid state, in order to subsequently obtain liquid treated water and a hydrophobic liquid organic phase loaded with the ionic species, and a step of thermal regeneration of the organic phase loaded with chemical species. Also disclosed are compounds and compositions that can be used in the method.

A method for purifying Ac from a mixture includes Ac and at least one element selected from Ra, Pb, Po, Bi and La. The method includes the steps of: (a) performing a first separation using a first extraction chromatographic column based on a first resin (either a diglycolamide resin or a dialkylphosphoric acid resin) and a first matrix solution; and (b) performing a second separation using a second extraction chromatographic column based on a second resin (respectively either a dialkylphosphoric acid resin or a diglycolamide resin).

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a lignin-derived mixture that includes at least one of a dimer, a trimer, and/or a tetramer, where the composition is characterized by a thermal stability up to a maximum temperature between about 260° C. and about 300° C.