A demulsifier composition comprises an oxyalkylated polybenzoxazine having repeating units of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-30 alkyl, a C.sub.3-30 cycloalkyl, a C.sub.6-30 aryl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylarylene, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl, a C.sub.5-30 heteroaryl, or a C.sub.3-30 heterocycloalkyl; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-30 alkyl, a C.sub.3-30 cycloalkyl, a C.sub.6-30 aryl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylarylene, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl, a C.sub.5-30 heteroaryl, or a C.sub.3-30 heterocycloalkyl; R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-10 alkyl; each occurrence of R.sub.4 is independently hydrogen or a C.sub.1-5 alkyl; and p is at least 1.

Embodiments described herein provide a method of separating a liquid mixture, comprising providing a liquid mixture to a separator, electrically coupling a power circuit to the liquid mixture inside the separator, applying a time-varying voltage to the power circuit, detecting a phase angle in the power circuit; and controlling the phase angle by adjusting a characteristic of the time-varying voltage.

Embodiments described herein provide a method of separating a liquid mixture, comprising providing a liquid mixture to a separator, electrically coupling a power circuit to the liquid mixture inside the separator, applying a time-varying voltage to the power circuit, detecting a phase angle in the power circuit; and controlling the phase angle by adjusting a characteristic of the time-varying voltage.

A filter element and methods of use and forming are provided. The filter element provides water coalescing and separation functions downstream from particulate filtration functions. At least the coalescing stage of the filter element may be glass free. The coalescing stage may have density graded media to accommodate increase water droplet size due to water coalescing.

A device for separating a fluid component from a fluid, in particular compressed air of a vehicle, is provided. The device has a first container for containing the fluid, the first container being arranged to separate at least a part of one or more components contained in the fluid from the fluid, and a second container, the second container being arranged to separate at least a part of one or more components contained in the fluid from the fluid. The two containers are interconnected by a throttle device adapted to throttle a transfer of at least a part of the fluid from the first container into the second container.

A device for separating a fluid component from a fluid, in particular compressed air of a vehicle, is provided. The device has a first container for containing the fluid, the first container being arranged to separate at least a part of one or more components contained in the fluid from the fluid by evaporation. The first container includes one or more openings through which a substance can be supplied to the fluid in the first container for breaking an emulsion or mixture of two or more components contained in the fluid and an exhaust through which the at least part of the one or more separated components can be exhausted.

A system for separating a fluid component from a fluid, in particular compressed air of a vehicle, is provided. The system has a first container for containing the fluid, the first container being arranged to separate at least a part of one or more components contained in the fluid from the fluid, an exhaust connected to the first container through which the at least part of the one or more separated components can be exhausted, an air treatment unit connected to the first container to supply air treated in the air treatment unit to the first container, and a supply of an emulsion breaking substance to the fluid in the first container.

A fabric for use in filters separating water from a water/diesel emulsion, and a method of using such a fabric, where the fabric has a rectangular mesh, the sides of which are formed by respective threads. In comparison with prior art fabrics for water/diesel filters, the fabric of the invention offers the advantage of having a higher separation efficiency, thus allowing separation of diesel with a lower residual water content downstream of the filter.

A fabric for use in filters separating water from a water/diesel emulsion, and a method of using such a fabric, where the fabric has a rectangular mesh, the sides of which are formed by respective threads. In comparison with prior art fabrics for water/diesel filters, the fabric of the invention offers the advantage of having a higher separation efficiency, thus allowing separation of diesel with a lower residual water content downstream of the filter.

A system can include a multi-material fluid having a mixture of a first material and a second material. The system can also include a first vessel into which the multi-material fluid is disposed. The system can further include a first sonication device disposed, at least in part, in the multi-material fluid in the first vessel. The first sonication device, when operating, can emit ultrasound waves into the multi-material fluid. The ultrasound waves separate the first material and the second material from each other in the first vessel.