Systems and methods for crude oil separations including degassing, dewatering, desalting, and stabilization, one method including separating crude oil into a crude oil off-gas and a partially degassed crude oil output; compressing the crude oil off-gas; applying the compressed crude oil off-gas for indirect heating of the partially degassed crude oil output; further heating the partially degassed crude oil output indirectly with compressed low pressure gas; directly mixing with the partially degassed crude oil output a compressed atmospheric pressure gas; separating from the partially degassed crude oil output a low pressure gas for use in the step of further heating; and separating from the partially degassed crude oil output an atmospheric pressure gas for use in the step of directly mixing.

Apparatuses to remove entrapped air and debris from bitumen are provided. The apparatuses include a tank comprising a first and second compartment with a separating surface therebetween. Bitumen froth can be received in the first compartment and can flow from the first compartment to the second compartment via the separating surface along a first portion of the flow path. The debris is separated from the bitumen in the first compartment and eliminated through a disposal aperture to form intermediate bitumen. The intermediate bitumen then travels along a second portion of the flow path to the second compartment where it is heated to allow entrapped air to escape and form processed bitumen, prior to exiting from the apparatus. The apparatus is particularly suitable for removing entrapped air and debris from bitumen mined from bituminous sands. Related processes for operating the apparatuses are also provided.

Systems and methods for crude oil separations including degassing, dewatering, desalting, and stabilization, one method including separating crude oil into a crude oil off-gas and a partially degassed crude oil output; compressing the crude oil off-gas; applying the compressed crude oil off-gas for indirect heating of the partially degassed crude oil output; further heating the partially degassed crude oil output indirectly with compressed low pressure gas; directly mixing with the partially degassed crude oil output a compressed atmospheric pressure gas; separating from the partially degassed crude oil output a low pressure gas for use in the step of further heating; and separating from the partially degassed crude oil output an atmospheric pressure gas for use in the step of directly mixing.

A combined vessel comprises a stripping section for removing acid gases from a sour water stream and a direct contact heat exchanger section for heating a graywater stream in order to improve heat and mass transfer in the treatment and recycle of water streams for a gasification process.

A process of stripping aqueous dispersion of polymeric beads with volatile organic compounds and an aqueous polymer composition obtained by the process.

A process for producing an ammonia synthesis gas, said process comprising the steps of: —Reforming a hydrocarbon feed in a reforming step thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH.sub.4, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, —Shifting the synthesis gas in one in or more shift steps in series, —Optionally wash the synthesis gas leaving the shift section with water, —Sending the process condensate originating from cooling and washing the synthesis gas leaving the shift section to a process condensate stripper wherein the dissolved shift byproducts and dissolved gases are stripped out of the process condensate using steam resulting in a steam stream containing more than 99% of the dissolved methanol in process condensate. —Adding all or part of said steam stream from the process condensate stripper to the synthesis gas downstream the reforming step, prior to the last shift step, wherein —The steam/carbon ratio in the reforming step and the shift step is less than 2.6.

A system and method for removing ammonia from an ammonia-containing liquid is disclosed. The system comprises a primary heat exchanger 12 for heating the ammonia-containing liquid to operational temperature, an ammonia stripper 14 for stripping ammonia from the ammonia-containing liquid from the primary heat exchanger and discharging it as ammonia-containing gas, and an acid scrubber 16 for reacting the ammonia in the ammonia-containing gas with acid to form an ammonium salt. The acid scrubber comprises a scrubbed air outlet 32 in fluid communication with a hot air inlet 20 of the ammonia stripper, such that scrubbed air which is discharged from the acid scrubber may be recycled for use in the ammonia stripper.

Also disclosed is a system and method for removing ammonia from an ammonia-containing liquid, wherein the system comprises a cold-water scrubber for removing ammonia from the ammonia-containing gas discharged from the ammonia stripper.

A process for producing urea with controlled excess of CO.sub.2 and/or NH.sub.3. The process includes the steps of: reforming the hydrocarbon feed gas, thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising CH.sub.4, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, shifting the synthesis gas, removing CO.sub.2 from the synthesis gas, removing residual H.sub.2O and/or CO.sub.2 from the synthesis gas, removing CH.sub.4, CO, Ar and/or He, and adding stoichiometric nitrogen to produce NH.sub.3 to the synthesis gas, synthesizing NH.sub.3 to obtain a NH.sub.3 product, and adding at least part of the product CO.sub.2 and at least part of the NH.sub.3 product to a urea synthesis step to make a urea product. The amount of excess CO.sub.2 and/or NH.sub.3 is controlled by adjusting the steam/carbon in the reforming step and/or the H.sub.2O addition upstream the shift step and/or adjusting the inlet temperature to at least one or more shift steps.

The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for continuously purifying a reaction product of esterification, where the system includes a neutralizer, a distiller, and a product purifier. Through the present system and the method, it is possible to perform a continuous purification process efficiently, and to reduce lower alcohol wastewater generated during purification.

A system for purifying incoming fluid is provided that is modular and includes a heat exchanger module, an evaporator-condenser module and a compressor. The system is configured to facilitate passive drainage of the purified fluid for collection. The system components are arranged in a stacked configuration to facilitate gravitational flow of the purified fluid such that the purified fluid drains passively for collection. A system for preparation of ready-to-use treatment fluid is also provided including the modular fluid purification system, a preparation station and a coupling device. The components are configured to be retained in a portable carrier that is manually operable for improved access to and mobility of the components. A coupling device for use in connecting flow channels of a plurality of components and for use in preparing ready-to-use dialysate is also provided, A further system for preparation of a receptacle and a ready-to-use treatment fluid in the receptacle is also provided.