The use of an alcohol alkoxylate or an alcohol alkoxylate mixture as a concentrated defoamer, antifoamer and/or deaerator wherein the alcohol alkoxylate or alcohol alkoxylate mixture comprises at least an alcohol alkoxylate, wherein the alcohol alkoxylate has a molecular structure as shown in [I]: R—O—(CH.sub.2(CH.sub.3)CHO).sub.m—(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.n—H wherein R is a branched and/or linear alkyl group having from 20 to 50 carbon atoms, m=10-40, and n=0-5.

Foam control compositions along with formulations thereof and their use in various applications, including a method for making a foam control composition comprising a cross-linked polyorganosiloxane material including a dispersed silica filler, including the steps of: A) preparing a hydrosilylation reaction mixture by combining the following components: (i) silica filler, (ii) a polyorganosiloxane having at least two reactive substituents capable of addition reaction with component (iii) via hydrosilylation, (iii) a polyorganosiloxane having at least three reactive substituents capable of addition reaction with component (ii) via hydrosilylation, and (iv) a hydrosilylation catalyst; B) conducting a hydrosilylation reaction of components (ii) and (iii) until the reaction mixture at least partially gels to form a hydrosilylation reaction product; C) shearing the hydrosilylation reaction product of step B); and D) combining the hydrosilylation reaction product of step C) with a (v) silicone resin and an (vi) condensation catalyst to form a condensation reaction mixture and conducting a condensation reaction between the (v) silicone resin and the hydrosilylation reaction product of step C) to form a condensation reaction product.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid purification method which makes it possible to obtain a chemical liquid having excellent defect inhibition performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid. The chemical liquid purification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a chemical liquid purification method including obtaining a chemical liquid by purifying a substance to be purified containing an organic solvent, in which a content of the stabilizer in the substance to be purified with respect to the total mass of the substance to be purified is equal to or greater than 0.1 mass ppm and less than 100 mass ppm.

The invention comprises one or more gas volume fraction measurement devices operatively connected to one or more controllers and one or more deaeration mechanisms which receive control signals from said one or more controllers and perform an act on the system, such as by controlling a level of deaeration chemistry into some portion of the fermentation system. In one embodiment, the deaeration mechanism is an antifoam feed pump which pumps antifoam chemistry into a feed line of the fermenter in response to the measured gas volume fraction in the fermenter's recirculation loop, in an amount determined by the controller to be effective to reduce foaming and lower column height in the fermenter.

The invention comprises one or more gas volume fraction measurement devices operatively connected to one or more controllers and one or more deaeration mechanisms which receive control signals from said one or more controllers and perform an act on the system, such as by controlling a level of deaeration chemistry into some portion of the fermentation system. In one embodiment, the deaeration mechanism is an antifoam feed pump which pumps antifoam chemistry into a feed line of the fermenter in response to the measured gas volume fraction in the fermenter's recirculation loop, in an amount determined by the controller to be effective to reduce foaming and lower column height in the fermenter.

A wetting agent according to Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from a branched alkyl group or linear alkyl group or a cycloaliphatic group or an aromatic group, each having 6 to 15 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.5 is selected from methyl or ethyl; x ranges from 0 to 5; y ranges from 0 to 10; z ranges from 1 to 10; with the proviso that when x ranges from 1 to 5, R.sup.2 is different from R.sup.3; and with the proviso that when x=0, R.sup.3 is different from R.sup.4. The wetting agent also imparts anti-foam properties to aqueous solutions while reducing surface tension.

Foam control compositions along with formulations thereof and their use in various applications, including a method for making a foam control composition comprising a cross-linked polyorganosiloxane material including a dispersed silica filler, including the steps of: A) preparing a hydrosilylation reaction mixture by combining the following components: (i) silica filler, (ii) a polyorganosiloxane having at least two reactive substituents capable of addition reaction with component (iii) via hydrosilylation, (iii) a polyorganosiloxane having at least three reactive substituents capable of addition reaction with component (ii) via hydrosilylation, and (iv) a hydrosilylation catalyst; B) conducting a hydrosilylation reaction of components (ii) and (iii) until the reaction mixture at least partially gels to form a hydrosilylation reaction product; C) shearing the hydrosilylation reaction product of step B); and D) combining the hydrosilylation reaction product of step C) with a (v) silicone resin and an (vi) condensation catalyst to form a condensation reaction mixture and conducting a condensation reaction between the (v) silicone resin and the hydrosilylation reaction product of step C) to form a condensation reaction product.

The present invention refers to a process for purifying leucoindigo salt solutions, for removal of aromatic amines, particularly aniline and N-methylaniline, comprising: adding to a purification vessel a leucoindigo salt solution containing aromatic amines, said solution in the form of a stationary mass; bubbling with a controlled flow rate an inert gas in the purification vessel, by means of a device submerged at the surface of the stationary mass; injecting with a controlled flow rate a gas purification current into the vessel, by means of a device submerged at the stationary mass; and recovering the purified solution from the vessel. It also refers to the use of inert gas in a process for purifying leucoindigo salt solutions, acting as a gas anti-foaming agent, to reduce foam and chances of product stripping during processing.

A defoaming composition is composed of a composition E composed of a hydrogen bond donor polyether modified polysiloxane C and a hydrogen bond acceptor X, and a composition F composed of a hydrogen bond donor fatty alcohol polyether D and a hydrogen bond acceptor Y; and the polyether modified polysiloxane C is composed of a polyorganosiloxane A and an allyl polyether B. The general structural formula of the polyorganosiloxane A is R.sup.0.sub.2HSiO (Me.sub.2SiO).sub.aSiHR.sup.0.sub.2, where R.sup.0 is C1-12 alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, and a=10-100. The general structural formula of the allyl polyether B is CH.sub.2═CHCH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.b(OCH.sub.2CHCH.sub.3).sub.cOH, where b=1-10, and c=10-100. The general structural formula of the fatty alcohol polyether D is R.sup.1(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.m(OCH.sub.2CHCH.sub.3).sub.nOH, where R.sup.1 is C3-20 linear or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl; m=1-50; and n=10-100. The hydrogen bond acceptors X and Y are menthol, menthene, thymol, terpilenol, carveol or perillyl alcohol.

A defoaming agent obtainable by a process that includes: polymerizing (A) at least one polymerizable monomer in a composition, the composition comprising (C) a solvent and (B) at least one non-polymerizable polysiloxane dissolved in the (C) solvent, wherein the component (A) optionally comprises at least one Si-atom-containing monomer in an amount of less than 10 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the component (A).