Sand separation systems and methods according to which one or more energy sensors are adapted to detect a response to energy imparted to a sand separator of a known type. One or more computers are adapted to communicate with the one or more energy sensors. The one or more computers and/or the one or more energy sensors are pre-tuned. The one or more computers are configured to determine the unknown sand level in the sand separator of the known type based on: the response detected by the one or more energy sensors, and the pre-tuning of the one or more energy sensors and/or the one or more computers.

A stillage clarification process and related system include using hydrocyclones and high recovery disc centrifuges for fractionation of stillage from a grain ethanol plant and splitting the stillage into fractions with mass and compositional assays per bushel of grain processed. The fractions include a first fraction comprising 45% to 70% protein and 3% to 8% fat, a second fraction comprising distillers corn oil, a third fraction comprising a fiber having made up of approximately 22% to 28% protein and less than 8% fat, and a fourth fraction comprising at least 30% soluble protein and less than 3% fat.

Aircraft fuel ice capturing filter device housings, aircraft fuel ice capturing filter devices, and methods of use are provided.

A water heater auxiliary heating system includes a heat pump. It further includes a first tap to circulate water from a water tank to a heat exchanger within the heat pump. It further includes a second tap to circulate water back to the water tank. The heat pump is controlled by an energy management system to preferentially operate based at least in part on a status of a site energy system that the energy management system is configured to manage. The water tank stores excess energy that is generated locally at the site energy system.

A tank system and methods of use for extracting sand and particulates from effluents, fluids, liquids, and muds are disclosed. The system uses pressure and cyclonic fluid dynamic based methods to extract, separate, weigh, and dump sand and particulates. The system comprises sand or particulate filtration or collection baskets that are hydraulically operated and scales that weigh the sand after separation from the fluidic component, prior to dumping. After separating the sands, the fluid is collected in a reservoir tank where it can be transported or removed from the site or otherwise disposed of as a liquid product.

A method of treating a liquid by creating nanobubbles of a desired gas within a target liquid and allowing the desired gas to react with a target component of the target liquid. The desired gas can be selected to be reactive with the target component, and a desired liquid can be formed after the desired gas reacts with the target component.

A method and apparatus for the separation of gas and liquid-solid slurry under pressure, and passage of the liquid-solid slurry to an atmospheric discharge.

In general, the present invention is directed to systems and methods of providing improved ballasted clarification systems for the treatment of water or wastewater. In accordance with some embodiments, a method may include introducing an influent including the water or wastewater and a coagulant; agitating or mixing the influent causing flocs to develop; introducing polymer and ballast wherein the ballast has an aspect ratio of less than 1.15; agitating or mixing the influent causing the ballast to move through the influent and penetrate the flocs; agitation or mixing the flocs to cause larger flocs to form through collision of smaller flocs among the flocs; providing the influent into a clarifying tank having a bottom and a top, wherein the ballast particles in flocs cause the flocs to settle to the bottom of the clarifier; and outputting an effluent from the top of the clarifying tank.

A separating system, for example for separating material from a suspension such as a biological suspension, is disclosed herein. The system comprises a separation vessel arranged to enable the formation of a cyclone therewithin. For example, the separation vessel may be at least partially conical in shape for enabling the formation of a cyclone therewithin. The separation vessel comprises a fluid inlet, an underflow outlet and an overflow outlet. The system also comprises at least one of an underflow outlet fluid control means for controlling the flow of fluid through the underflow outlet, and an overflow outlet fluid control means for controlling the flow of fluid through the overflow outlet. The system may further comprise an inlet fluid control means for controlling the flow of fluid through the fluid inlet.

A filter device for removing particles from a fluid includes a fluid chamber and an inlet for fluid, an outlet for filtered fluid and an outlet for particles, each coupled to the fluid chamber. The filter device also includes a flow directing mechanism for inducing a vortex flow around a vortex axis in the fluid chamber. The outlet for particles is coupled to the fluid chamber at a location substantially perpendicular to the vortex axis.