A method for manufacturing a filter includes providing a computer-readable three-dimensional model of the filter, the three-dimensional model being configured to be converted into a plurality of slices that each define a cross-sectional layer of the filter, and successively forming each layer of the filter by additive manufacturing.

A filter element is provided that includes a plurality of individual fibers, wherein each individual fiber has a non-circular cross-section. The filter element also includes at least one flat sheet media, wherein the plurality of individual fibers are thermally bound to the at least one flat sheet media, wherein the flat sheet media is spirally wound to create a cylindrical profile.

A filter center tube includes a plurality of layers of solidified material including a first layer with a first undulating strip of solidified material extending in a first predetermined direction, and a second layer with a second undulating strip of solidified material extending in a second predetermined direction. The first layer is in contact with the second layer and the first predetermined direction is not parallel with the second predetermined direction, forming a plurality of pores therebetween.

A filter element comprises a filter media and a restriction indicator device. The restriction indicator device comprises an attachment portion and a movable portion. The attachment portion is attachable to a portion of the filter assembly. The movable portion is movable relative to the attachment portion between a non-buckled position and a buckled position. The movable portion moves from the non-buckled position to the buckled position once a predetermined pressure drop between an upstream side and a downstream side of the movable portion of the restriction indicator device is met.

The current technology relates to filter media configurations where the filter media has a surface with a treatment that that increases the roll off angle of the surface for a 50 L water droplet when the surface is immersed in toluene. Some example filter media has a fluted configuration, and some example filter media has multiple layers. Filter media having multiple layers can be single facer media, for example, where one layer is planar and another layer is fluted.

Support and drainage materials, filter including the materials, and methods of use are disclosed.

A filter medium includes a plurality of layers each including an undulating strip of solidified material.

A filter has a filter center tube that includes a plurality of layers of solidified material including a first layer with a first undulating strip of solidified material extending in a first predetermined direction, and a second layer with a second undulating strip of solidified material extending in a second predetermined direction. The first layer is in contact with the second layer and the first predetermined direction is not parallel with the second predetermined direction, forming a plurality of pores therebetween.

A method for manufacturing a filter includes providing a computer-readable three-dimensional model of the filter, the three-dimensional model being configured to be converted into a plurality of slices that each define a cross-sectional layer of the filter, and successively forming each layer of the filter by additive manufacturing.

The current technology relates to various filter elements configurations where a substrate layer defines a surface having a treatment. The treatment increases a roll off angle of the surface for a 50 water droplet when the surface is immersed in toluene. The filter element can have a housing and the substrate disposed in the housing. In some embodiments the substrate layer defines a plurality of pleats extending between pleat folds that form flow faces of the media. In some embodiments the substrate is incorporated into single facer media of a filter element. In some embodiments the substrate layer is incorporated in a filter element having a flow-by configuration. In some embodiments the substrate layer is incorporated in a filter element having a cross-flow configuration. Some embodiments relate to a vent. Some embodiments relate to a barrier assembly and/or a fuel filter element. Various other filter elements are described.