A system for treating exhaust gas generated by combustion of biomass comprises a frame, a first cyclonic separation stage supported on the frame and comprising a plurality of parallel gas cyclones in fluidic communication with an inlet receiving the exhaust gas for removing from the exhaust gas particulate matter exceeding a first threshold size, and a second bag filtration stage supported on the frame and comprising a plurality of serially-communicated baghouses each comprising a plurality of bag filters therein for removing, from the partially treated exhaust gas received from the first cyclonic separation stage, particulate matter exceeding a second threshold size that is smaller than the first size which was passed through the first treatment stage. The gas cyclones of the first stage are arranged in a laterally extending row across the frame and the baghouses are arranged in a longitudinally extending row across the frame.

An apparatus for collecting a by-product, includes: a chamber provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet and having an internal space; a heater disposed on the gas inlet side of the internal space within the chamber and varying a heating temperature in time series; a vortex forming member disposed around the heater; a plurality of first collecting members disposed below the heater; a second collecting member disposed below the first collecting member so that a plurality of second collecting members intersect each other; and a third collecting member disposed on the gas outlet side of the internal space within the chamber.

An apparatus for collecting a by-product, includes: a chamber provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet and having an internal space; a heater disposed on the gas inlet side of the internal space within the chamber and varying a heating temperature in time series; a vortex forming member disposed around the heater; a plurality of first collecting members disposed below the heater; a second collecting member disposed below the first collecting member so that a plurality of second collecting members intersect each other; and a third collecting member disposed on the gas outlet side of the internal space within the chamber.

A dry material transfer pump comprises an outer tube including an outer tube channel having an upstream end that is axially aligned with a downstream end thereof, and a plenum portion having a cross-sectional width that is larger than a cross-sectional width of the outer tube channel. A pressurized gas inlet is defined through the outer tube and is in fluid communication with the plenum portion. An inner tube is disposed annularly within the outer tube channel and defines an inner tube channel configured to receive particulate matter. At least one opening is defined radially through a wall of the inner tube and fluidly couples the plenum portion to the inner tube channel to allow the pressurized gas to flow from the plenum portion into the inner tube channel and create suction within the inner tube channel for drawing the particulate matter through the inner tube channel.

A dry material transfer pump comprises an outer tube including an outer tube channel having an upstream end that is axially aligned with a downstream end thereof, and a plenum portion having a cross-sectional width that is larger than a cross-sectional width of the outer tube channel. A pressurized gas inlet is defined through the outer tube and is in fluid communication with the plenum portion. An inner tube is disposed annularly within the outer tube channel and defines an inner tube channel configured to receive particulate matter. At least one opening is defined radially through a wall of the inner tube and fluidly couples the plenum portion to the inner tube channel to allow the pressurized gas to flow from the plenum portion into the inner tube channel and create suction within the inner tube channel for drawing the particulate matter through the inner tube channel.

A powder container including a filter that separates air and powder from each other, a hopper that includes a first opening portion installed below the filter, a second opening portion that has an opening area that is smaller than that of the first opening portion, and an inclined surface that partially overlaps the filter in plan view, a container box installed so as to be detachable from the hopper, the container box containing the powder, and a detection sensor (an optical sensor) installed outside the container box so as to oppose a side surface of the container box, the detection sensor being installed near the second opening portion and near a side of the inclined surface in a lower direction.

A powder container including a filter that separates air and powder from each other, a hopper that includes a first opening portion installed below the filter, a second opening portion that has an opening area that is smaller than that of the first opening portion, and an inclined surface that partially overlaps the filter in plan view, a container box installed so as to be detachable from the hopper, the container box containing the powder, and a detection sensor (an optical sensor) installed outside the container box so as to oppose a side surface of the container box, the detection sensor being installed near the second opening portion and near a side of the inclined surface in a lower direction.

In an example, a particulate filter includes a porous filter substrate including a first surface and a second surface. The porous filter substrate is configured to filter gas flowing through the porous filter substrate between the first surface and the second surface. A plurality of conductors are coupled to the porous filter substrate. The plurality of conductors are approximately parallel to each other along the porous filter substrate. The particulate filter also includes a plurality of input nodes in signal communication with the plurality of conductors and configured to receive a voltage signal from an input signal source. The plurality of conductors are configured to generate an electric field on at least one of the first surface or the second surface of the porous filter substrate in response to the plurality of input nodes receiving the voltage signal from the input signal source.

In an example, a particulate filter includes a porous filter substrate including a first surface and a second surface. The porous filter substrate is configured to filter gas flowing through the porous filter substrate between the first surface and the second surface. A plurality of conductors are coupled to the porous filter substrate. The plurality of conductors are approximately parallel to each other along the porous filter substrate. The particulate filter also includes a plurality of input nodes in signal communication with the plurality of conductors and configured to receive a voltage signal from an input signal source. The plurality of conductors are configured to generate an electric field on at least one of the first surface or the second surface of the porous filter substrate in response to the plurality of input nodes receiving the voltage signal from the input signal source.

In an example, a particulate filter includes a porous filter substrate including a first surface and a second surface. The porous filter substrate is configured to filter gas flowing through the porous filter substrate between the first surface and the second surface. A plurality of conductors are coupled to the porous filter substrate. The plurality of conductors are approximately parallel to each other along the porous filter substrate. The particulate filter also includes a plurality of input nodes in signal communication with the plurality of conductors and configured to receive a voltage signal from an input signal source. The plurality of conductors are configured to generate an electric field on at least one of the first surface or the second surface of the porous filter substrate in response to the plurality of input nodes receiving the voltage signal from the input signal source.