An apparatus for treating gaseous pollutants includes a gas inlet part, a first treatment unit, a second treatment unit and a non-mechanical flow-guiding device. The gas inlet part includes a gas inlet chamber and at least one guide pipe. The guide pipe communicates with the gas inlet chamber and guides an effluent stream from a semiconductor process to the gas inlet chamber. The first treatment unit is coupled to a bottom end of the gas inlet part and is configured to abate the effluent stream. The non-mechanical flow-guiding device is coupled to the first treatment unit. The flow-guiding device is configured to guide the effluent stream to move toward an opening. The second treatment unit is coupled to the flow-guiding device via the opening, receives the effluent stream from the first treatment unit and further abates the effluent stream.

A method and modular desulfurization-decarbonization apparatus for removing contaminants from exhaust gas is described. The apparatus comprises discrete modular units with distinct functions. The modular units may be housed in standard shipping containers and installed on cargo ships. The modules can be removed and replaced while docking with minimal disruption to ship and port operations.

The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) (collectively NOR, where x=1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO.sub.2, NOx and SO.sub.2. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO.sub.2, NOx and SO.sub.2 into compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value.

A gas purification device removes a part of ammonia contained in a first gas; recovers a first off-gas containing the removed ammonia, removes hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from a second gas produced by removing the part of ammonia, recovers a second off-gas containing the removed hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, and combusts the first off-gas and the second off-gas. The gas purification device includes: a first combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in a reducing atmosphere; a second combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in a reducing atmosphere downstream of the first combustion chamber; and a third combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere downstream of the second combustion chamber. The first off-gas flows into the first combustion chamber and the second off-gas flows into the third combustion chamber.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a process for substantially completely removing sulfur dioxide and ammonia from a gas stream is disclosed. The process involves lowering the vapor pressure in a scrubber by contacting the gas stream with one or more streams of re-circulating chilled media. The process further involves adjusting the pH of the process solution in the scrubber to within a predetermined range. The lowering of the vapor pressure and pH adjustment results in an increase in the solubility of sulfur dioxide and ammonia in the process solution thereby facilitating a substantially complete removal of sulfur dioxide and ammonia from the gas stream.

The invention discloses methods and apparatus(es) for the removal and control of pollutants such as gases and suspended particulates in the air of an enclosed space or an outdoor environment by passing the air through absorbent media. The absorbent media includes any liquid, solid or combination of liquid and solid media that is capable of absorbing a material in which it comes in contact. In one aspect of the invention, formaldehyde is removed by air sparging through a liquid such as water, optionally containing additional scavenging agents.

An apparatus for treatment of process vapours coming from a vacuum concentration section of a urea plant, comprising a vacuum system having a plurality of successive condensation stages, connected in series by respective line portions and crossed in series by process vapours to be treated; the apparatus has at least one primary steam condensate inlet for feeding steam condensate to the vacuum system and positioned, with reference to a circulation direction of the process vapours in the vacuum system, upstream of at least one selected condensation stage, or in at least one selected condensation stage.

The invention relates to a process for removal of metal carbonyls from crude synthesis gas in a gas scrubbing process with a physical scrubbing medium. Scrubbing medium laden with hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) and metal carbonyls is sent to a treatment vessel having a residence time region and a scrubbing region. Metal carbonyls are precipitated from the laden scrubbing medium as metal sulfides in the residence time region. The scrubbing region is supplied with a regenerated scrubbing medium. According to the invention it is provided that the residence time region and the scrubbing region are separated from one another by a gas-permeable tray, a regenerated scrubbing medium-comprising liquid layer adjacent to the gas-permeable tray is formed in the scrubbing region, metal carbonyls outgassing from the residence time region pass through the gas-permeable tray and are absorbed by regenerated scrubbing medium in the scrubbing region, wherein scrubbing medium comprising metal carbonyls is obtained and metal carbonyls outgassing from the residence time region are cooled by the liquid layer. The invention further relates to a treatment vessel, to the use of the process, treatment vessel or apparatus according to the invention in a gas scrubbing process with methanol as the physical scrubbing medium and to the use of the treatment vessel in a process according to the invention.

A co-current contacting system for removing impurities from a gas stream is described herein. The co-current contacting system includes a co-current contactor configured to co-currently flow a gas stream including impurities and a liquid stream through the co-current contactor. The co-current contactor is also configured to incorporate liquid droplets formed from the liquid stream into the gas stream, such that the impurities from the gas stream are absorbed by the liquid droplets. The co-current contacting system also includes a separator configured to remove the gas stream from the liquid droplets including the impurities, generating a purified gas stream and a rich liquid stream. The co-current contacting system is configured to recycle the rich liquid stream for reuse as a portion of the liquid stream flowing into the co-current contactor.

A method for producing aqueous hydrochloric acid from flue gases is provided. The method comprises conveying water to a first scrubber (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602, 702) or to a line (112b, 212b, 312b, 412b, 512b, 712b, 712c) to use the water in a scrubbing liquid of the first scrubber. The method also comprises providing flue gas containing chlorides into the first scrubber (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602, 702) and scrubbing the flue gas containing chlorides with the scrubbing liquid by contacting the flue gas with the scrubbing liquid in the first scrubber (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602, 702). Dilute hydrochloric acid and a flue gas derivate (104, 204, 304, 404, 504, 704) are produced. The method comprises letting out at least some of the dilute hydrochloric acid from the first scrubber (102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602, 702) as a scrubber bleed, separating solids suspended by the scrubber bleed in a solids separator (192, 592, 692), conveying the scrubber bleed from the solids separator (192, 592, 692) into an evaporation vessel (194, 594, 694) and concentrating the scrubber bleed in the evaporation vessel (194, 594, 694) to produce hydrochloric acid vapor having a concentration of 5-22 wt-%. A corresponding system is also provided.