Methods and systems for converting ammonium waste streams into certifiably Organic ammonium salts having a variety of uses in greenhouse gas-reducing activities are herein described. The resulting ammonium salt compositions can be used to enhance crop yield.

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

An aircraft contaminant removal system includes one or more membrane separators configured to absorb a contaminant from a cabin air stream into a liquid sorbent, desorb the contaminant from the liquid sorbent, discharge the contaminant in a contaminant stream, and return clean air back to the cabin. In some examples, the contaminant removal system includes a membrane scrubber-separator and a membrane stripper-separator, while in other examples, the contaminant removal system may include a single membrane separator configured to operate in a scrubbing mode and a stripping mode. The contaminant removal system may include a humidity management system configured to maintain a humidity of the clean air stream or water concentration of the liquid sorbent using one or more water sources of the aircraft or a thermal management system configured to maintain a temperature of the liquid sorbent using one or more heat exchangers fluidically coupled to an aircraft air stream.

In one embodiment, an acid gas removing apparatus includes an absorber configured to bring a first gas including an acid gas and a lean solution into contact to discharge a rich solution that is the lean solution having absorbed the acid gas, a regenerator configured to separate the acid gas from the rich solution discharged by the absorber to discharge the lean solution that is the rich solution separated from the acid gas, and a measuring instrument configured to measure a temperature of the rich or lean solution in the regenerator. Furthermore, an acid gas removal control apparatus that controls the acid gas removing apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive the measured temperature, and a controller configured to control resupply of a resupplied solution to the rich or lean solution or removal of an acid component from the rich or lean solution, based on the received temperature.

An automatic control system (ACS) for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) of one or more gases from one or more plants may receive, from one or more sensors, one or more parameters of at least one gas of one or more gases through a system gas flow inlet channel, a first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a plug flow reactor (PFR), a second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a bypass channel that bypasses the PFR, the CO.sub.2 flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit, or the syngas flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit. The ACS may also command one or more flow controllers to modulate at least one of the first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through PFR or the second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through the bypass channel based on the one or more parameters.

A boiler plant includes a carbon dioxide capture system. The carbon dioxide capture system has an absorbing-liquid regeneration device and an absorber. The absorbing-liquid regeneration device includes a regenerator, a first circulation line in which the absorbing liquid is taken out from the regenerator and is returned to the regenerator, and a second circulation line in which the absorbing liquid is taken out from the regenerator and is returned to the regenerator, a heat exchanger, a heater, and a switcher. The heat exchanger heats the absorbing liquid by exchanging heat between the absorbing liquid flowing through the first circulation line and steam from the boiler. The heater heats the absorbing liquid flowing in the second circulation line. The switcher switches between a first heating state, in which the absorbing liquid flows in the first circulation line, and a second heating state, in which the absorbing liquid flows in the second circulation line.

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

Systems and methods for sequestering emissions from marine vessels are provided. Emissions (either flue gas from exhaust or CO.sub.2 carried on the ship under pressure in gas cylinders or CO.sub.2 obtained during the ships travel via capture) are mixed in a reactor with sea water (e.g., via gas exchange through head-space equilibration or bubbling through a diffuser) until a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is obtained. Systems and reactors pump seawater through a reactor vessel containing a reaction medium (e.g., carbonates and silicates). The reactor produces an effluent that can be expelled into the ocean. The effluent produced from the result of a reaction according to embodiments has approximately twice the concentration of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and Alkalinity (Alk) as the incoming sea water and has an increased Ca.sup.+2 concentration above sea water.

A method and a facility for wet-scrubbing sulfur dioxide to produce, for example, potassium thiosulfate or ammonium thiosulfate. The facility includes a multi-section vessel having multiple horizontally disposed stages where a preceding stage passes partially-scrubbed waste gas to a succeeding stage. Each stage has a scrubber mechanism to scrub waste gas with circulating fluid that successively reduces waste gas concentration before atmospheric discharge. The scrubber mechanism may include a packing to facilitate absorption of waste gas by the fluid, a sump disposed at the output of the stage to receive fluid as it drains from the packing, and a circulation pump to circulate fluid from the sump to its packing and to cascade at least a portion of the fluid back to a preceding stage. A portion of the fluid is extracted from the facility and reacted in a reaction vessel with a cation to produce ammonium thiosulfate or potassium thiosulfate.

An exhaust gas cleaning system comprises a first sub system including a scrubber unit comprising a scrubber arranged to wash the exhaust gas with a scrubber fluid, and a centrifugal separator arranged in communication with the scrubber unit for receiving the scrubber fluid after washing and separate it into a first and a second fraction, which second fraction is more polluted than the first fraction. The exhaust gas cleaning system further comprises a second sub system including a membrane filter arranged in communication with the centrifugal separator for receiving the first fraction output from the centrifugal separator and separating it into a third and a fourth fraction, which fourth fraction is more polluted than the third fraction. A method for cleaning exhaust gas onboard a ship involves cleaning an exhaust gas onboard a ship.