Hydrogen purification devices and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include at least one foil-microscreen assembly disposed between and secured to first and second end frames. The at least one foil-microscreen assembly may include at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and at least one microscreen structure including a non-porous planar sheet having a plurality of apertures forming a plurality of fluid passages. The planar sheet may include generally opposed planar surfaces configured to provide support to the permeate side. The plurality of fluid passages may extend between the opposed surfaces. The at least one hydrogen-selective membrane may be metallurgically bonded to the at least one microscreen structure.

Separation efficiency of a gas in a gas separator mounted on a vehicle is improved. The gas separation system mounted on the vehicle provided with an internal combustion engine includes the gas separator configured to separate a predetermined component in the gas under the existence of water, a first passage connected to the gas separator so as to introduce an atmosphere into the gas separator, and a second passage connecting between an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and the first passage so as to introduce exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine into the gas separator.

A method of fuel tank inerting includes separating process air into nitrogen-enriched air and oxygen-enriched air with an air separation membrane. A vacuum is applied to the air separation membrane to produce a pressure differential across the air separation membrane. The vacuum is manipulated to vary the pressure differential and vary purity of the nitrogen-enriched air.

Hydrogen purification devices and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include at least one foil-microscreen assembly disposed between and secured to first and second end frames. The at least one foil-microscreen assembly may include at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and at least one microscreen structure including a non-porous planar sheet having a plurality of apertures forming a plurality of fluid passages. The planar sheet may include generally opposed planar surfaces configured to provide support to the permeate side. The plurality of fluid passages may extend between the opposed surfaces. The at least one hydrogen-selective membrane may be metallurgically bonded to the at least one microscreen structure. In some embodiments, the devices may include a permeate frame having at least one membrane support structure that spans at least a substantial portion of an open region and that is configured to support at least one foil-microscreen assembly.

Devices and methods for delivering and filtering a gas to a wound site to enhance healing, reduce the potential for bacterial infections, lessen the need for antibiotics and to create a protective and therapeutic gas atmosphere along a treatment site. More particularly, the invention relates to a device arranged to deliver a gas to a treatment site, the device being connectable to a gas source, the device including (i) a first membrane comprising a flexible, microporous polymer body and (ii) a second membrane comprising a flexible nonporous polymer body. Outer edge portions of the second membrane are bonded to outer edge portions of the first membrane to form an interior chamber of the device, the interior chamber of the device confining introduced gas to the interior chamber such that the introduced gas flows out through the pores of the first membrane and is diffused along the treatment site.

Separation of a gas mixture comprising first and second gases may be improved using three stages of gas separation membrane modules that includes the additional techniques of cooling the feed gas stream that is fed to the feed stage and using a portion of the permeate stage retentate as a sweep gas on the permeate stage.

A system for biological methane production and removing carbon dioxide from the methane comprises (a) a primary anaerobic digester adapted and arranged to generate a gaseous mixture comprising methane and carbon dioxide from organic materials; (b) an electrochemical reactor comprising at least one reactor cell including an anode spaced from a cathode by a porous ion exchange resin wafer with a cation exchange membrane between the anode and the resin wafer and a bipolar ion exchange membrane between the cathode and the resin wafer; the electrochemical reactor being adapted and arranged to capture gaseous carbon dioxide within the resin wafer as aqueous bicarbonate, and to electrochemically generate hydrogen gas at the cathode; and (c) a hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis bioreactor adapted and arranged to convert the bicarbonate and hydrogen from the electrochemical reactor to methane. An electrochemical reactor and a method for producing methane with reduced carbon dioxide content also are described.

A room 100 in a building has a living etc. space 101 of volume V that is an enclosed space. Ventilation of an air flow F is performed from the outside to the living etc. space 101. Entering/exiting of air as an air current between the inside of the living etc. space 101 and the outside is eliminated, and at least a part of the boundary between the living etc. space 101 and the outside is configured from a gas exchange membrane 310 having a diffusion constant D, a thickness L, and an area A for gas molecules of interest. When air inside the living etc. space 101 is sufficiently agitated and the concentration of gas molecules constituting the air is made spatially uniform, η(t) is controlled so as to vary according to $\begin{array}{cc}\eta \left(t\right)={\eta }_o-\frac{\mathrm{BL}}{\mathrm{AD}}\left(1-\exp \left(-\left[\mathrm{AD}\text{/}L\right]t\text{/}V\right)\right)& \left(9\right)\end{array}$

Systems, methods, and devices related to removing fluids from a patient are provided. In one instance, fluid is removed from the patient and delivered to a canister using reduced pressure. Reduced pressure is supplied to the canister via a reduced-pressure delivery conduit that includes a moisture processing device and a hydrophobic filter. The moisture processing device condenses moisture from the air to prevent condensation from occluding the hydrophobic filter. The moisture processing devices includes an expanded volume and one or more liquid-impermeable, vapor-permeable membranes. The liquid-impermeable, vapor-permeable membrane allows vapor to egress the moisture processing device. Other systems, methods, and devices are presented.

Provided are a spiral-wound gas separation membrane element, a manufacturing method therefor, a gas separation membrane module and a gas separation apparatus that include the element. The element includes a laminated body wound around a perforated central tube and including a separation membrane-flow channel member composite body. The composite body includes a gas separation membrane including a first porous layer and a hydrophilic resin composition layer. The gas separation membrane is folded with the first porous layer being located outside the hydrophilic resin composition layer. The composite body also includes a flow channel member that forms a gas flow channel, the flow channel member being sandwiched in the folded gas separation membrane. The flow channel member is provided with a first cover that covers one end portion of four end portions. The first cover is located closest to a turn-back part of the folded gas separation membrane.