A dehydration method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first dehydration step of bringing hydrogen chloride gas (21) and concentrated sulfuric acid (13A) into contact with each other; and a second dehydration step of bringing hydrogen chloride gas (21A) that has been obtained through the first dehydration step into contact with concentrated sulfuric acid (13B). A concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid used in the second dehydration step is higher than a concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid used in the first dehydration step.

The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure.

A composition for use in brine formation comprising a deliquescent desiccant, urea, and an optional component selected from the group consisting of starch, citric acid, clay, glucose, and a combination thereof. Methods of making and using the composition are provided. The composition may be pressed into tablet form. The composition may be used in a dehumidifying device.

A composition for use in brine formation having a deliquescent desiccant, urea, and an optional component selected from the group consisting of starch, citric acid, clay, glucose, and a combination thereof. Methods of making and using the composition are provided. The composition may be pressed into tablet form. The composition may be used in a dehumidifying device.

An ambient water condenser system is described having a condensation chamber which at least partially contains or surrounds a fluid reservoir which contains a volume or mass of an aqueous hygroscopic solution for condensing water from ambient air and a distillation process for extracting the water from the solution. The fluid reservoir has a heat source, a lower porous hydrophobic membrane, and an upper porous hydrophobic membrane. The heat source causes the hygroscopic solution near the top of reservoir to have a higher temperature which causes it to have a higher water vapor pressure, whereby the water vapor passing through the upper porous hydrophobic membrane and into the condensation chamber condenses into liquid water.

Devices and methods for controlling humidity including an aqueous saturated solution of a salt and/or a sugar in combination with an additive in which all components of the saturated solution are food grade. The device may or may not include a container, such as a flexible pouch, encasing the aqueous saturated solution and/or an absorbent pad. The pouch or other container may be made of a material which is moisture permeable and liquid impermeable, for example, and the aqueous saturated solution further comprises a thickening agent. In some embodiments, the components of the aqueous saturated salt solution are separately contained in different compartments of the device container, and a user may activate the device to mix the components together.

Systems and methods relating to a wearable atmospheric water generation device are described herein. Systems can comprise a sorbent material within a sorbent chamber configured to capture water vapor from ambient air and can be configured to produce a reduced pressure condition within the sorbent chamber, thereby desorbing water from the sorbent material. The systems can further comprise a condenser for producing liquid water from the desorbed water vapor.

A freshwater harvesting assembly includes a micro-scale component selected from a polymer, a foam, and a membrane; a water-sorption material selected from metal-organic framework (MOF), nanosilica gel, and superabsorbent polymer; wherein the water-sorption material is incorporated within the micro-scale component to thereby provide a water-sorption-material-containing micro-scale component; and a housing carrying the water-sorption-material-containing micro-scale component.

This disclosure is related to systems, methods, apparatuses, and techniques for generating water using waste heat. In certain embodiments, a system includes a water generating unit and a waste-heat-generating-system. The water generating unit can be configured to generate the water and comprises a desiccation device and a condenser coupled to the desiccation device. The waste-heat-generating-system can generate the waste heat when operating or is use. The water generating unit can be configured to use waste heat generated by the waste-heat-generating-system to generate the water.

In one embodiment, a system includes a purification stage configured to purify an input gas stream prior to delivering the input gas stream to a reaction stage; and a collection stage configured to collect at least some ammonia from the reaction stage. The reaction stage is configured to reduce nitrogen into nitride; and convert at least some of the nitride into ammonia. In another embodiment, a separation membrane includes: an anode; a cathode electrically coupled to the anode; and a porous support material positioned between the anode and the cathode. The separation membrane is configured to reduce nitrogen into nitride; and facilitate hydrogenation of the nitride to form ammonia. In another embodiment, a method includes delivering an input gas stream comprising nitrogen to a separation membrane; reducing at least some of the nitrogen into nitride; and reacting at least some of the nitride with hydrogen-containing compound(s).