An organic carbonate synthesis catalyst for electrochemically synthesizing an organic carbonate from carbon monoxide, comprises: an active particle containing a metal element; and a porous carbon supporting the active particle.

An electrocatalytic process for carbon dioxide conversion includes combining a Catalytically Active Element and a Helper Polymer in the presence of carbon dioxide, allowing a reaction to proceed to produce a reaction product, and applying electrical energy to said reaction to achieve electrochemical conversion of said carbon dioxide reactant to said reaction product. The Catalytically Active Element can be a metal in the form of supported or unsupported particles or flakes with an average size between 0.6 nm and 100 nm. The reaction products comprise at least one of CO, HCO.sup.−, H.sub.2CO, (HCO.sub.2).sup.−, H.sub.2CO.sub.2, CH.sub.3OH, CH.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.4, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2OH, CH.sub.3COO.sup.−, CH.sub.3COOH, C.sub.2H.sub.6, (COOH).sub.2, (COO.sup.−).sub.2, and CF.sub.3COOH.

A method for producing a carbon-monoxide-rich gas product, in which method at least carbon dioxide is subjected to electrolysis, so as to obtain an untreated gas comprising at least carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and in which method the untreated gas is subjected to a separation process, which comprises an adsorption and membrane separation, so as to obtain a recycling stream, which comprises the major part of the carbon dioxide contained in the untreated gas, a residual gas, and the carbon-monoxide-rich gas product. A plant for carrying out such a method is also proposed.

An Electrochemical Nitrogen Generator System and Method. The system and method provide the ability to create a nitrogen-rich environment in containers of a variety of sizes. The system and method are able to extract the oxygen from the air within the container without reducing the internal pressure substantially below atmospheric. A version of the method is provided to reduce the oxygen content and replace it with nitrogen through a series of sequential fractional steps. In another form, the system and method will provide a “streaming” approach of bleeding off oxygen-containing contents of the container, while continuously replacing it with air until such time as the percentage of oxygen within the container is below the desired level. In yet another version, the system and method operate under pressure, thereby injecting pressurized air, either in sequential fractional steps or via continuous flow, whereby at the end of the process, the internal contents of the container are in a pressurized nitrogen environment, and the oxygen expelled from the container during the process is also under pressure.

A fuel cell system includes a first fuel cell having a first anode and a first cathode, wherein the first anode is configured to output a first anode exhaust gas. The system further includes a first oxidizer configured to receive the first anode exhaust gas and air from a first air supply, to react the first anode exhaust gas and the air in a preferential oxidation reaction, and to output an oxidized gas. The system further includes a second fuel cell configured to act as an electrochemical hydrogen separator. The second fuel cell includes a second anode configured to receive the oxidized gas from the first oxidizer and to output a second anode exhaust gas, and a second cathode configured to output a hydrogen stream. The system further includes a condenser configured to receive the second anode exhaust gas and to separate water and CO.sub.2.

An electrochemical device suited to modifying a carbon dioxide concentration in an interior space includes a cathode chamber with an inlet which receives a feed gas containing carbon dioxide. A reduction catalyst layer in the cathode chamber reduces carbon dioxide in the gas to form an ionic carrier species. An anode chamber with an outlet outputs a gas comprising carbon dioxide. A solid electrolyte membrane spaces the anode chamber from the cathode chamber and transports the ionic carrier species between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The membrane includes an ionic liquid. An oxidation catalyst layer in the anode chamber oxidizes the ionic carrier species to form carbon dioxide. A voltage source provides a voltage difference across the membrane.

A hydrogen system includes a compressor that causes hydrogen in hydrogen-containing gas supplied to an anode to move to a cathode and produces compressed hydrogen by applying a voltage across the anode and the cathode disposed with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween; an anode gas supply channel through which the hydrogen-containing gas flows; a recycle channel through which anode off-gas flows; a drainage channel provided at a position of the recycle channel or anode gas supply channel on a downstream side relative to a position where the recycle channel merges and draining liquid water out of the recycle channel or anode gas supply channel; a pump provided in the recycle channel or the anode gas supply channel on the downstream side relative to the position; and a controller causing the pump to operate in a state where the applied voltage has been decreased when operation of the compressor is stopped.

The present disclosure relates to systems and electroswing adsorption cells with patterned electrodes. The patterned electrode includes a plurality of electrolyte regions, a plurality of gas regions and a conductive scaffold. The conductive scaffold extends into the plurality of electrolyte regions and includes an electroactive species. Methods for the manufacture of the electrode, the electroswing adsorption cell and gas separation systems including the electroswing adsorption cell are also described.

Embodiments discloses herein relate to methods of processing coal. A method to process coal includes subjecting raw coal to a liquefaction process effective to form a liquid pitch resin and subjecting the liquid pitch resin to a filtration process. The method further includes subjecting the liquid pitch resin to a low crystallinity spinning process to form a raw fiber. The raw fiber is then further subjected to a stabilization process configured to oxygen cross-link the fiber to form a stabilized fiber and then subjecting the stabilized fiber to a carbonization process to form a low thermal conductivity carbon fiber.

An electrochemical hydrogen pump includes: a cell including a proton conductive electrolyte membrane having a first main surface and a second main surface, a cathode disposed on the first main surface of the proton conductive electrolyte membrane, and an anode disposed on the second main surface of the proton conductive electrolyte membrane; a voltage applier that applies a voltage between the anode and the cathode; a cooler that cools the cell; and a controller that controls the cooler to increase an amount of cooling per unit time of the cell when a pressure of a cathode gas flow path on the cathode increases.