Water-based compositions suitable for the hydration of a mammal, and particularly hydration of a human by oral or topical methods, and for industrial uses such as cooling, and the making of solutions and mixtures. A method for producing a beverage, an industrial process water, an industrial solvent, or topical dermatological composition includes: providing a water source, the water molecules having oxygen or hydrogen atoms of different isotopes, (i) fractionating the water source to produce a fraction enriched in water molecules having an abundance of at least one of the oxygen or hydrogen isotopes being greater or less than the abundance found in the water source, or (ii) where the water source is already enriched in heavy water, fully or partially maintaining the level of enrichment.

The object of the present invention is to provide a stable isotope concentration method that reduces equipment cost and power without prolonging the start-up time and enables efficient concentration, and the present invention provides a stable isotope concentration method using multiple cascaded distillation columns (1st column to mth column; m is an integer of 2 or more), wherein the method includes a step in which one of gas and liquid is supplied from a position in the vicinity of the bottom of a (n1)th column to a position in the vicinity of the top of an nth column (1<nm), and the other of liquid and gas is returned from a position in the vicinity of the top of the nth column to a position in the vicinity of the bottom of the (n1)th column; and wherein in each distillation column, when a flow rate of an ascending gas in the column is a first flow rate and a flow rate of the gas or the liquid supplied from a previous column or a next column is a second flow rate, the second flow rate is 4% by volume or more with respect to the first flow rate.

The object of the present invention is to provide a stable isotope concentration method that reduces equipment cost and power without prolonging the start-up time and enables efficient concentration, and the present invention provides a stable isotope concentration method using multiple cascaded distillation columns (1st column to mth column; m is an integer of 2 or more), wherein the method includes a step in which one of gas and liquid is supplied from a position in the vicinity of the bottom of a (n1)th column to a position in the vicinity of the top of an nth column (1<nm), and the other of liquid and gas is returned from a position in the vicinity of the top of the nth column to a position in the vicinity of the bottom of the (n1)th column; and wherein in each distillation column, when a flow rate of an ascending gas in the column is a first flow rate and a flow rate of the gas or the liquid supplied from a previous column or a next column is a second flow rate, the second flow rate is 4% by volume or more with respect to the first flow rate.

The present invention provides a method for enriching an oxygen isotope which enables the oxygen isotope to be enriched without requiring regular replenishment of large amounts of the nitric oxide raw material and with a small liquid NO hold-up volume, without reducing the separation efficiency for the oxygen isotope. By performing a chemical exchange between a water acquired by adding hydrogen to an oxygen having a crudely enriched oxygen isotope produced by a first distillation device, and a nitric oxide discharged from a second distillation device, a nitric oxide having an enriched concentration of the oxygen isotope and a water having a reduced concentration of the oxygen isotope are obtained, and the nitric oxide is supplied to the second distillation device, while an oxygen obtained by electrolysis of the water having a reduced concentration of the oxygen isotope is returned to the first distillation device.

The present invention provides a method for enriching an oxygen isotope which enables the oxygen isotope to be enriched without requiring regular replenishment of large amounts of the nitric oxide raw material and with a small liquid NO hold-up volume, without reducing the separation efficiency for the oxygen isotope. By performing a chemical exchange between a water acquired by adding hydrogen to an oxygen having a crudely enriched oxygen isotope produced by a first distillation device, and a nitric oxide discharged from a second distillation device, a nitric oxide having an enriched concentration of the oxygen isotope and a water having a reduced concentration of the oxygen isotope are obtained, and the nitric oxide is supplied to the second distillation device, while an oxygen obtained by electrolysis of the water having a reduced concentration of the oxygen isotope is returned to the first distillation device.

The present invention relates to a method for treating tritium water-containing raw water, the method including supplying a part of raw water containing tritium water and alkali water to a circulation tank, mixing the raw water with alkali water in the circulation tank to obtain an electrolyte adjusted so as to have a desired alkali concentration, and continuously electrolyzing the electrolyte while circulating the electrolyte, thereby subjecting the raw water stored in the storage tank to alkali water electrolysis and thus gasifying the raw water. According to the invention, by gasifying tritium water-containing raw water by alkali water electrolysis, the tritium concentration in a tritium-containing hydrogen gas is diluted to 1/1,244 and the tritium water-containing raw water can be reduced in volume.

The present invention relates to a method for treating tritium water-containing raw water, the method including supplying a part of raw water containing tritium water and alkali water to a circulation tank, mixing the raw water with alkali water in the circulation tank to obtain an electrolyte adjusted so as to have a desired alkali concentration, and continuously electrolyzing the electrolyte while circulating the electrolyte, thereby subjecting the raw water stored in the storage tank to alkali water electrolysis and thus gasifying the raw water.

According to the invention, by gasifying tritium water-containing raw water by alkali water electrolysis, the tritium concentration in a tritium-containing hydrogen gas is diluted to 1/1,244 and the tritium water-containing raw water can be reduced in volume.

Process and apparatus for the separation of the components having different boiling points of a liquid mixture, characterized in that forming bubbles by a carrier gas in the liquid mixture where the one or more volatile component is getting enriched in the bubbles, then after said bubbles leave the liquid phase the released vapor content of them is collected and condensed and the obtained liquid being enriched in the more volatile component(s) is separated from the carrier gas.

Process and apparatus for the separation of the components having different boiling points of a liquid mixture, characterized in that forming bubbles by a carrier gas in the liquid mixture where the one or more volatile component is getting enriched in the bubbles, then after said bubbles leave the liquid phase the released vapor content of them is collected and condensed and the obtained liquid being enriched in the more volatile component(s) is separated from the carrier gas.

An object of the present invention is to provide an oxygen isotope concentration method and an oxygen isotope concentration apparatus that can safely and stably supply ozone without increasing the size of the device. The present invention provides an oxygen concentration method including: a photoreaction step of irradiating a first mixed fluid (F1) in which oxygen and a diluent substance (DS) are mixed with a laser, selectively decomposing ozone containing an oxygen isotope, and generating oxygen containing an oxygen isotope, and obtaining a second mixed fluid (F2) in which the oxygen, the ozone, and the diluent substance (DS) are mixed; a liquid storage section introduction step of introducing the second mixed fluid (F2) into a liquid storage section (10) and liquefying it; and a separation step of introducing the second mixed fluid (F2) with hydraulic head obtained by liquefying the second mixed fluid (F2) and storing it in the liquid storage section (10), into a separation column (21), distilling the second mixed fluid (F2) which has liquefied, and separating into a third mixed fluid (F3) in which ozone and the diluent substance (DS) are mixed, and product oxygen (PO) in which oxygen isotope heavy components are concentrated; wherein the liquid storage section (10) can store the liquefied second mixed fluid (F2) without being affected by heat input.