Example methods and systems for segregation and treatment of waste water streams for enhanced oil recovery are disclosed. One example method includes generating concentrated solution by treating, using a forward osmosis process, waste water of one or more gas streams from a gas plant associated with one or more gas wells, where draw solution of the forward osmosis process includes produced water from one or more crude oil production traps, and the waste water contains kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI). The concentrated solution is treated using an oxidation process to generate oxidized solution by decomposing the KHI in the waste water. The oxidized solution is injected into an oil reservoir through a water injection well for enhanced oil recovery.

According to one embodiment, a water treatment method is a method configured to use a working medium that includes a draw solution and a water-containing solution to be treated. The draw solution is a hyperosmotic solution which generates an osmotic pressure difference with water. The method includes generating a flux of a mixture of water and a draw solution by an osmotic pressure difference generated between a solution to be treated and the draw solution in an osmotic pressure generator compartmentalized by an osmosis membrane, transferring the flux of the mixture to a vaporization-separation unit, separating the mixture into the water and the draw solution by a pressure difference, and recycling the draw solution separated by the vaporization-separation unit.

The integrated reverse osmosis/pressure retarded osmosis system includes a first housing configured for pretreating feed brine, a second housing, a third housing configured for pretreatment of seawater, a first splitter positioned in communicating relation with the third housing, a first pump positioned in communicating relation with the first splitter, a fourth housing positioned in communicating relation with the first pump, a mixer positioned in communicating relation with the second housing and the first splitter, a first energy recovery system positioned in communicating relation with the second housing, a second energy recovery system positioned in communicating relation with the fourth housing, and a generator. The fourth housing configured for receiving pressurized seawater and producing desalinated product water by reverse osmosis. The second housing configured to receive feed brine from an oil production waste stream and decrease the salinity of the feed brine by pressure retarded osmosis.

[PROBLEM] To provide an evaluation method and evaluation device with which the practical performance of a forward osmosis membrane can more accurately be measured. [SOLVING MEANS] Provided is a method for evaluating a forward osmosis membrane module. The method includes the steps of, in a forward osmosis membrane module having spaces which are partitioned by a forward osmosis membrane including a porous support body and a separation function layer stacked thereon, connecting a feed solution line to a space on the separation function layer side, and connecting a draw solution line to a space on the porous support body side, and moving a solvent in the feed solution into the draw solution via the forward osmosis membrane while adjusting a physical pressure differential across the forward osmosis membrane to a constant value within the range of more than 0 kPa to 200 kPa.

A new and innovative power and treated water co-generation system is provided that includes a modified Kalina cycle and a forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The Kalina cycle of the provided system is used for power production, whereas the system's FO process is used for water production. The provided system modifies a typical Kalina cycle to include a more efficient and relatively low-temperature heat source, while still utilizing the same working fluid, which is ammonia-water. The draw solution for the provided system's FO process is also ammonia-water, which is known and efficient for desalination and wastewater treatment. In some aspects, the working fluid of the system may be a specific ammonia-water composition including between 30-95% ammonia. The presently disclosed system combines the Kalina process and the FO process into an improved and innovative heat integration system to minimize energy requirements and enable operation at both small and large scales.

Provided is a system preventing or reducing adhesion of a raw material component to a membrane surface and increasing the recovery rate of the raw material component after concentration. A raw material liquid concentration system for a medicine production process comprising a forward osmosis membrane unit having a forward osmosis membrane, and a raw material liquid side space and an inductive solution side space which are separated from each other by the forward osmosis membrane; a raw material liquid channel supplying, to the raw material liquid side space, a raw material liquid containing a solvent and a solute; an inductive solution channel supplying, to the inductive solution side space, an inductive solution containing an inductive material; a concentrated liquid channel removing a concentrated raw material liquid from the forward osmosis membrane unit; and a diluted inductive solution channel removing a diluted inductive solution from the forward osmosis membrane unit.

A system and method for treating produced water are provided. An exemplary system includes a membrane distillation (MD) apparatus to separate the produced water into a retentate stream and a permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream includes a high total dissolved solids (TDS), and the permeate stream includes a low TDS. A pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) unit fluidically coupled to the retentate stream, including a pressure booster pump feeding the retentate stream to the retentate side of the PRO membrane, a low TDS stream coupled to the permeate side of the PRO, a PRO retentate stream, and a PRO permeate stream. A turbine is fluidically coupled to the PRO retentate stream, wherein the turbine is mechanically coupled to a generator.

A forward osmosis filtration cell is provided which includes a fluid passageway and a forward osmosis filtration membrane positioned within the passageway. The filtration membrane divides the fluid passageway into two chambers, a first chamber configured to hold a draw solution, and a second chamber configured to hold a feed solution. The filtration cell further includes a first electrode positioned in the first chamber, and a second electrode positioned in the second chamber. The first and second electrodes are configured to apply an electric field across the filtration membrane to prevent fouling on the filtration membrane. A method of using a forward osmosis filtration cell in a water treatment system, and a method of retrofitting a water treatment system with first and second electrodes are also provided.