Disclosed is a water treatment apparatus which can extract clean water by means of the pressure of raw water. The disclosed water treatment apparatus comprises: a filter part which filters raw water; a storage part which stores clean water filtered by passing through at least a part of the filter part, the storage part having a first chamber and a second chamber of which the volume changes according to a change in the volume of the first chamber; an extraction part which is installed so as to provide the filtered clean water to a user; and an air supply part which is installed on a flow path connected to the storage part in order to supply air to either one of the first chamber or the second chamber of the storage part.

The present invention relates to a method for recovering a rare metal salt, the method including: an acid treatment step of obtaining a rare metal-containing acidic aqueous solution by bringing a material including a monovalent rare metal and a polyvalent rare metal into contact with an acidic aqueous solution; a separation step of obtaining permeated water including the monovalent rare metal and non-permeated water including the polyvalent rare metal from the rare metal-containing acidic aqueous solution by using a nanofiltration membrane satisfying the condition (1); and a concentration step of obtaining non-permeated water having a higher concentration of the monovalent rare metal and permeated water having a lower concentration of the monovalent rare metal than that of the permeated water in the separation step, by using a reverse osmosis membrane.

An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO.sub.2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then tested and processed (e.g., mixed/diluted with processed feedstock solution, seawater or another saltwater solution and/or reacted with CO.sub.2) to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life. Modified BPED systems include features that facilitate autonomous system operations including enhanced maintenance cycle operations and a reduced reliance on external fresh water sources.

The present application relates to the technical field of further processing of dairy products, and in particular to a preparation method of milk oligosaccharides, and milk oligosaccharide powder and food prepared thereby. The preparation method comprises the steps of: performing ultrafiltration of whey liquid for at least three times, subjecting the ultrafiltration permeate to nanofiltration concentration for several times, then subjecting the nanofiltration retentate to chromatographic separation and purification, collecting chromatographic collection liquid containing sialyllactose while removing the fraction containing lactose, subjecting the collection to desalination and drying to obtain oligosaccharide powder. The milk oligosaccharides prepared by the present method and the food product containing the same comprise basically bovine milk oligosaccharides, which are light yellow or white in color, light in flavor, uniform in size, and have good thermal stability and solubility. The milk oligosaccharides mainly comprise 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose.

Some embodiments provide a water filtration system that is fluidly coupled to a water feed line and/or a water supply line and is designed to filter contaminates from the water supply. The water filtration system includes an outer housing, a front cover, a rear cover, a pump, a reverse osmosis (RO) element, a pre-filter cartridge, a post-filter cartridge, a permeate flush tank, a RO manifold, and a sensor manifold. The water filtration system further includes a pump and at least one solenoid. When assembled, a RO housing, a pre-filter housing, and a post-filter housing surround the RO element, the pre-filter cartridge, and the post-filter cartridge, respectively. The filter cartridges hold replaceable filtration media in an interior cavity and contaminants and other impurities are removed as water flows through the filtration media of the filter cartridges.

A composite reverse osmosis membrane having a semipermeable bilayer polyamide composition comprising a base layer containing a rigid crosslinked aromatic polyamide and a top layer containing a flexible aliphatic polyamide is disclosed, the two layers in combination providing reduced salt passage in reverse osmosis desalination of brackish waters and of seawater.

The invention relates to 100% renewably-powered desalination/water purification stations for universal applications, the station is disruptive, scalable, amphibious and deportable to seawater, brackish or spill oil sites for simple wave-powered and autonomous operations, the station has a mooring assembly with pumping-purification-delivery subsystems powered by wave and solar energies, the pumping subsystems has the simplest, most efficient wave push/pull pump mechanisms powered by amplified wave centrifugal forces , the mechanical purifications has turbine filters, reverse-osmosis filters, forward-osmosis filters and relief valves to backwash buildups without releasing brine, release water through collecting spill oil, the solar thermal purifications are provided with distilling processes under vaccine conditions, the delivery subsystems with wave turbines and solar panels for generating electricity, propellering and transferring the stations for delivering fresh waters to destinations under GPS guide with the lowest LCOW.

A control valve for a reverse osmosis water purifying system provides a feed water port, a squeeze water port, a drain port, and a product water connection, each of which open into a bore. A first, second, and third O-rings are located in the bore successively between the feed water port, the squeeze water port, the drain port, and the product water connection. A control piston is moveably located in the bore of the housing. The control piston includes a vent/drain well in which a side is chamfered. The vent/drain well provides a fluid passage between the squeeze water port and the drain port when the vent/drain well passes over the second O-ring. The fluid passage includes an opening formed between the second O-ring and the chamfered side of the vent/drain well, where the size of the opening is responsive to the position of the control piston.

A turbine and method of operating the same a turbine includes a housing having a volute, an inlet and an outlet an impeller rotatable coupled to the housing, a first shroud disposed within the housing comprising a plurality of nozzle vanes and a second shroud disposed within the housing adjacent to the first shroud so that a nozzle area is formed between the first shroud and the second shroud, said nozzle area having a variable width. The second shroud is movable relative to the first shroud to vary the width so that fluid flow from the inlet to the outlet is variable.

Provided is a water purifier comprising: a filter unit which has a reverse osmosis membrane filter; a supply valve; an instantaneous heating device which is provided with an inflow port, and an outflow port, and which heats and purified water entering through the inflow port and flowing to the outflow port, so that hot water is discharged through the outflow port; an extraction member; a supply pump; a domestic water drain line; a hot water drain line; a hot water drain valve; and a control unit which controls the opening/closing of respective flow channels of the hot water drain line and the domestic water drain line so that, among a hot water draining process through the hot water drain line, and a domestic water draining process through the domestic water drain line, the hot water draining process is carried out first.