Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species including, without limitation, lithium, specific lithium species, and/or other chemical compounds from input flows in a modular unit. The input flows may be raw materials in which lithium metal and/or lithium species are dissolved and/or extracted. The apparatuses and methods may include daisy chain flow through separate tanks, a column array, and combinations thereof.

A water purification device, with a first pressure cylinder, a second pressure cylinder, a first connecting piece and a second cylinder block arranged successively from bottom to top, and further having a first cylinder block arranged inside the second cylinder block. The first pressure cylinder and the second pressure cylinder both are open at one end and formed with a first through-hole at the other end. The first cylinder block and the second cylinder block both are open at two ends and arranged in a hollow shape. A water inlet, which is communicated with a flow passage formed between the first cylinder block and the second cylinder block, is formed on the second cylinder block, and a water outlet pipe communicated with the first cylinder block is inserted into an outer wall of the first pressure cylinder.

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for producing ultrapure water of extremely high purity that sufficiently meets the requirement for its quality at low production cost with reduced footprint. The apparatus for producing ultrapure water includes a pretreatment system, a primary water purification system, and a subsystem, wherein the primary water purification system includes a high-pressure reverse osmotic membrane separation unit, a degassing unit, an ultraviolet oxidation unit, and an ion-exchange unit in this order.

Some embodiments of the invention provide a reverse osmosis water filtration system including a housing, a pre-filter cartridge, a reverse osmosis cartridge, and a post treatment cartridge. A medial water line transports a first portion of pretreated water from the pre-filter cartridge to the reverse osmosis cartridge. An unfiltered water line includes a flow restrictor and blend valve. The unfiltered water line is fluidly coupled between the medial water line and a blend water line. The blend water line receives filtered water at a first flowrate from the reverse osmosis cartridge and unfiltered water at a second flowrate from the blend valve. The first flowrate and the second flowrate are substantially equal to produce a consistent total dissolved solids value.

A reverse osmosis prefilter system includes a recirculation chamber for accommodating one or more prefilter cartridges. The recirculation chamber is communicably interconnected to an inline water source and an RO filtration membrane. The recirculation chamber has a recirculation outlet and inlet which are communicably interconnected by an offline pump that recirculates prefiltered water repeatedly through the recirculation chamber and prefilter cartridges to remove particulates from the source water prior to delivery to the reverse osmosis filter membrane.

The present invention relates to synthetic membranes and use of these synthetic membranes for isolation of volatile organic compounds and purification of water. The synthetic membrane includes a hydrophobic polymer layer located on a polymeric membrane support layer. The invention includes a method of isolating volatile organic compounds with the synthetic membrane by contacting a volatile organic mixture with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing volatile organic compounds from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of pervaporation. The invention also includes a method of purifying water with the synthetic membrane by contacting an ionic solution with the hydrophobic polymer layer of the synthetic membrane and removing water from the polymeric membrane support layer of the synthetic membrane by a process of reverse osmosis. The invention also relates to methods of isolating non-polar gases by gas fractionation.

Embodiments described herein relate to methods and systems for dewatering solutions via forward osmosis.

Disclosed herein are ceramic selective membranes and methods of forming the ceramic selective membranes by forming a selective silica ceramic on a porous membrane substrate.

A system for generating electricity, heat, and desalinated water having a gas turbine system connected to a first electric generator, a waste heat recovery boiler (WHRB) system, a combined heat and power (CHP) generation system connected to a second electric generator, one or more solar powered energy systems, and a desalination system. The desalination system is connected to the CHP generation system and the WHRB system. The gas turbine system generates electricity and heat, the WHRB system is connected to and uses the exhaust of the gas turbine system to provide heat and steam power to the CHP generation system. The CHP generation system produces and provides electricity and heat to the desalination system, which produces product water, and at least one solar powered energy system provides thermal energy to one or more of the gas turbine system, the WHRB system, the CHP generation system, and the desalination system.

A biological reactor system treats concentrated contaminated water with a combination of upflow and downflow bioreactors that are downstream from a reverse osmosis or other concentrator. The system may have a fail safe configuration where flush water may be introduced to the reactors in the event of a power failure or when taking the reactors offline. Many reverse osmosis systems introduce antiscalant treatments upstream so that the reverse osmosis filters do not scale. However, such treatments result in superconcentrated conditions of the antiscalants in the contaminated water processed by the bioreactors. A flushing system may deconcentrate the bioreactors to prevent the antiscalants from precipitating and fouling the bioreactors.