A nanostructured composite membrane filter for rapid water purification and methods for preparing the nanostructured composite membrane filter are provided. The nanostructured composite membrane includes a silver layer having a plurality of silver functionalized nanofibers for disinfecting microorganisms of water, and a chemical modified layer having a plurality of chemical modified nanofibers for removing impurities from the water. The plurality of silver functionalized nanofibers includes a plurality of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers coated with polydopamine (PDA) and silver, and each of the plurality of chemical modified nanofibers includes a polymer matrix such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and anionic polyelectrolytes such as poly (sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa) for capturing metal ions of the water.

The present invention relates to a method for purifying an aqueous liquid comprising inulin, in particular chicory root inulin, and one or more impurities, said method comprising filtration of said aqueous liquid employing a nanofiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off value of less than 2 kDa, without employing ion-exchange treatment. The invention further relates to the inulin composition obtainable by the method and to inulin compositions which comprise low concentrations of impurities while comprising significant amounts of short-chain (low DP) inulin.

The present invention is directed to a method of producing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The method includes subjecting a reaction mixture with an API precursor to solvent extraction to produce a reactant stream with the API precursor. The method includes concentrating the API precursor in the reactant stream using at least one membrane. The method includes carrying out a reaction in a membrane reactor. The method includes separating the API precursor from the reaction stream using a separator. The method includes crystallizing the API precursor using a crystallizer to produce APIs.

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals.

The present invention relates to a new method for creating nanopores in single layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS.sub.2) nanosheets (NSs) by the electrospray deposition (ESD) of silver ions on a water suspension of the former. Electrospray deposited silver ions react with the MoS.sub.2 NSs at the liquid-air interface resulting in Ag.sub.2S nanoparticles (NPs) which goes into the solution leaving the NSs with holes of 3-5 nm diameter. Specific reaction with the S of MoS.sub.2 NSs leads to Mo-rich edges. Such Mo-rich defects are highly efficient for the generation of active oxygen species such as H.sub.2O.sub.2, under visible light, which causes efficient disinfection of water. The holey MoS.sub.2 NSs shows 10.sup.5 times higher efficiency in disinfection compared to normal MoS.sub.2 NSs. Developed a conceptual prototype and tested with multiple bacterial strains and a viral strain, demonstrating the utility of the method for practical applications.

The invention relates to a film Film comprising a random graft copolymer having a polypropylene (PP) backbone and from 3 to 8 polyester segments covalently bonded to said backbone, wherein the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polypropylene backbone ranges between 10.000 and 100.000 Dalton (as determined with HT-SEC in o-DCB at 150° C.), wherein the Mn of each polyester segment ranges between 5.000 and 25.000 Daltons, wherein the amount of PP ranges between 45 and 80 mol %, wherein the amount of polyester segments ranges between 55 and 20 mol %, wherein the film has a thickness in the range of 0.01-10 mm, wherein the polypropylene and polyester domains form independently continuous phases, and wherein the mol % is calculated relative to the total moles of monomer units present in the copolymer. The invention further relates to a nano porous PP membrane and its use.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for systems for removing contaminants from a leachate, methods of removing contaminants from a leachate, and the like.

The invention relates to a method for operating a treatment system, by means of which an optimized workpiece treatment is facilitated. The method for operating a treatment system comprises the following steps: guiding workpieces through a treatment basin filled with a treatment medium in order to treat the workpieces; rinsing the workpieces with a rinsing medium while and/or after the workpieces are removed from the treatment basin; and producing the rinsing medium from the treatment medium, wherein the rinsing medium is produced using a preparation device preferably by filtering, in particular nano-filtering, the treatment medium.

Embodiments include nanofilms comprising the reaction product of a natural building block type A including at least two functional groups and a natural building block type B including at least three functional groups, wherein the natural building block type A and the natural building block type B react to form a branched polymer network including solvent-resistant bonds.

Disclosed is a nano membrane which has improved dustproofness and thus effectively prevents matter, contaminants/dust, and the like from getting into an electronic device such as a PCB or a MEMS microphone, and has no air and sound permeability degradation. The nano membrane of the present disclosure contains a plurality of pores having an average diameter of 0.5-20 μm, wherein the maximum diameter of each of the pores is 30 μm, the minimum diameter of each of the pores is 0.1 μm, and the porosity of the nano membrane is 50-90%.