An apparatus, system and method to purify produced water from a wellbore using energy. The apparatus comprises a wellbore with a wellhead attached to the wellbore; at least one energy recapture device connected to the wellhead of the wellbore with produced water, wherein the at least one energy recapture device captures fluid pressure of the production fluids including produced water; and at least one reverse osmosis membrane connected to the pressure recapture device wherein the at least one reverse osmosis membrane uses at least a portion of the fluid pressure from the energy recapture device to move a volume of the produced water through the reverse osmosis membrane to remove contaminates from the produced water to create purified water. The method comprises steps to use the apparatus and the system comprises a control panel that operates the at least one energy recapture device and the at least one reverse osmosis membrane in a coordinated manner.

A fluid treatment system, for example a membrane filtration system, utilizing means to mechanically vary fluid recovery and energy recovery to optimize fluid production for a given energy input, based on the total dissolved solids concentration in the fluid feed stream.

The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell arrangement comprising a cell reactor. The cell reactor comprises a membrane, which has an active surface and a support surface, as well as a pore size of 10 nm and/or a divalent ion rejection of 50%; an anode and a cathode, which are connected with each other through an external electrical circuit; an influent inlet for liquid medium arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and at least one permeate outlet arranged at the support surface side of the membrane; an influent line connected to the influent inlet; a concentrate outlet, arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and connected to a concentrate line; and pressurisation means for creating pressure difference between the active surface side and support surface side of the membrane. The invention relates also to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell.

The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell arrangement comprising a cell reactor. The cell reactor comprises a membrane, which has an active surface and a support surface, as well as a pore size of 10 nm and/or a divalent ion rejection of 50%; an anode and a cathode, which are connected with each other through an external electrical circuit; an influent inlet for liquid medium arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and at least one permeate outlet arranged at the support surface side of the membrane; an influent line connected to the influent inlet; a concentrate outlet, arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and connected to a concentrate line; and pressurisation means for creating pressure difference between the active surface side and support surface side of the membrane. The invention relates also to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for systems for removing contaminants from a leachate, methods of removing contaminants from a leachate, and the like.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for systems for removing contaminants from a leachate, methods of removing contaminants from a leachate, and the like.

Methods and systems for desalinating feedwater are disclosed. The system includes at least one feedwater source, a reverse osmosis module, an input feedwater stream fed to the reverse osmosis module, and a control module. The feedwater stream comprises water from at least one feedwater source, e.g., from two or more feedwater sources of different salinities. The control module analyzes the level of energy available to the system, and increases the salinity of the input feedwater stream proportional to an increase in available energy. Feedwater stream salinity can be adjusted to reach water demand targets and fully utilize variable power inputs from renewable sources.

A method for efficient separation and enrichment of lithium includes the following steps: pretreatment: diluting and filtering salina aged brine to obtain pretreated brine; separation: separating the pretreated brine via a nanofiltration separation system to obtain nanofiltration permeate and nanofiltration concentrate, wherein the operation pressure of the nanofiltration separation system is 1.0 MPa5.0 MPa; first concentration: carrying out first concentration on the nanofiltration permeate via a reverse osmosis system to obtain reverse osmosis concentrate and reverse osmosis permeate; and second concentration: carrying out second concentration on the reverse osmosis concentrate via an electrodialysis system to obtain electrodialysis concentrate and electrodialysis permeate, wherein the electrodialysis concentrate is a solution enriching lithium ions. The present application couples several different membrane separation technologies and adopts the monovalent ion selective nanofiltration membrane having good separation performance in the process of nanofiltration.

A method for efficient separation and enrichment of lithium includes the following steps: pretreatment: diluting and filtering salina aged brine to obtain pretreated brine; separation: separating the pretreated brine via a nanofiltration separation system to obtain nanofiltration permeate and nanofiltration concentrate, wherein the operation pressure of the nanofiltration separation system is 1.0 MPa5.0 MPa; first concentration: carrying out first concentration on the nanofiltration permeate via a reverse osmosis system to obtain reverse osmosis concentrate and reverse osmosis permeate; and second concentration: carrying out second concentration on the reverse osmosis concentrate via an electrodialysis system to obtain electrodialysis concentrate and electrodialysis permeate, wherein the electrodialysis concentrate is a solution enriching lithium ions. The present application couples several different membrane separation technologies and adopts the monovalent ion selective nanofiltration membrane having good separation performance in the process of nanofiltration.

A method for separation and enrichment of lithium includes the following steps: pretreatment: diluting and filtering salina aged brine to obtain pretreated brine; separation: separating the pretreated brine via a nanofiltration separation system to obtain nanofiltration permeate and nanofiltration concentrate; first concentration: carrying out first concentration on the nanofiltration permeate via a reverse osmosis system to obtain reverse osmosis concentrate and reverse osmosis permeate; second concentration: carrying out second concentration on the reverse osmosis concentrate via an electrodialysis system to obtain electrodialysis concentrate and electrodialysis permeate, and the electrodialysis concentrate is solution enriching lithium ions. The present application couples several different membrane separation technologies by utilizing the advantages of different membrane separation technologies, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the separation efficiency of magnesium and lithium and improving the enrichment efficiency of lithium.