Provided is a feed spacer, in which angles of strands are differently formed in one feed spacer according to a flow direction of raw water, so that a differential pressure decrease region and a recovery increase region are separated to perform multiple functions, and a reverse osmosis filter module including the feed spacer.

This publication relates to a method and a system for producing freshwater through a reverse osmosis process in a submerged membrane system requiring a differential pressure over the membrane system. The differential pressure is provided by introducing gas bubbles in the riser device (2) downstream the outlet (7) for fresh water in the riser device (2). The system comprises at least one submerged, reverse osmosis unit (1), with an inlet (4) for water and an outlet (7) for fresh water, a riser device (2) extending from the outlet (7) of the submerged membrane system to at, above or below sea level and a system for providing a low pressure side for the reverse osmosis process.

This publication relates to a method and a system for producing freshwater through a reverse osmosis process in a submerged membrane system requiring a differential pressure over the membrane system. The differential pressure is provided by introducing gas bubbles in the riser device (2) downstream the outlet (7) for fresh water in the riser device (2). The system comprises at least one submerged, reverse osmosis unit (1), with an inlet (4) for water and an outlet (7) for fresh water, a riser device (2) extending from the outlet (7) of the submerged membrane system to at, above or below sea level and a system for providing a low pressure side for the reverse osmosis process.

Apparatus and processes for controlling a reverse osmosis system for water desalination to reduce energy consumption. The system has a controller configured to receive information from the sensor array and determine a fouling parameter for each reverse-osmosis stage based on one or more of: an A-Value, a B-value and a normalized differential pressure. The controller is then configured to control the flow through each of the reverse-osmosis assemblies based on the determined fouling parameters to meet a predetermined criterion for total permeate production for the reverse-osmosis system.

Apparatus and processes for controlling a reverse osmosis system for water desalination to reduce energy consumption. The system has a controller configured to receive information from the sensor array and determine a fouling parameter for each reverse-osmosis stage based on one or more of: an A-Value, a B-value and a normalized differential pressure. The controller is then configured to control the flow through each of the reverse-osmosis assemblies based on the determined fouling parameters to meet a predetermined criterion for total permeate production for the reverse-osmosis system.

A car washing system comprises a filtering unit, a pure water pipeline, a waste water pipeline, a washing pipeline, an optional first branch line, and a second branch line. The filtering unit comprises an RO filter membrane, a filtering pipeline and a booster pump. One end of the filtering pipeline is connected to the inlet of the RO filter membrane. The booster pump is set in the filtering pipeline. The pure water pipeline is connected between a pure water outlet of the RO filter membrane and one end of the washing pipeline. The joint of the pure water pipeline and the washing pipeline is provided with a high-pressure pump. One end of the waste water pipeline is connected with waste water outlet of the RO filtering membrane, and the other end is a discharge end. The second branch line is connected between the waste water pipeline and the washing pipeline.

A desalination apparatus 12 (liquid treatment apparatus) includes a first water treatment unit 26 (liquid treatment unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which a treated liquid is separated into a permeate that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a concentrate other than the permeate, a water recovery unit 28 (liquid recovery unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which the concentrate is separated into a recovered liquid that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a waste liquid other than the recovered liquid, and a pressure increasing means that increases a liquid pressure of the concentrate, such that a state capable of separating into the recovered liquid and the waste liquid in the liquid recovery unit continues, and that directly feeds the concentrate from the liquid treatment unit to the liquid recovery unit.

A desalination apparatus 12 (liquid treatment apparatus) includes a first water treatment unit 26 (liquid treatment unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which a treated liquid is separated into a permeate that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a concentrate other than the permeate, a water recovery unit 28 (liquid recovery unit) that includes a reverse osmosis membrane and in which the concentrate is separated into a recovered liquid that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and a waste liquid other than the recovered liquid, and a pressure increasing means that increases a liquid pressure of the concentrate, such that a state capable of separating into the recovered liquid and the waste liquid in the liquid recovery unit continues, and that directly feeds the concentrate from the liquid treatment unit to the liquid recovery unit.

A wave-powered floating water pump apparatus comprises a housing operatively connected to a piston capable of reciprocating therein, and an exterior float. The housing interior defines a compression chamber including a compression chamber back valve. The compression chamber back valve opens when the apparatus descends in the ocean, and closes when the float lifts the apparatus. The piston comprises a piston shaft with a piston back valve therein, constructed and arranged to permit water which enters the piston shaft in response to water pressure from the compression chamber only to exit the top of the piston shaft at a higher elevation. A floating generator system for harnessing energy from ocean waves to produce usable electrical energy may include the pump, a water storage reservoir and a hydro-turbine. A system for purifying and desalinating water may include the pump, a semi-permeable membrane for reverse osmosis and a reservoir for purified water.

A wave-powered floating water pump apparatus comprises a housing operatively connected to a piston capable of reciprocating therein, and an exterior float. The housing interior defines a compression chamber including a compression chamber back valve. The compression chamber back valve opens when the apparatus descends in the ocean, and closes when the float lifts the apparatus. The piston comprises a piston shaft with a piston back valve therein, constructed and arranged to permit water which enters the piston shaft in response to water pressure from the compression chamber only to exit the top of the piston shaft at a higher elevation. A floating generator system for harnessing energy from ocean waves to produce usable electrical energy may include the pump, a water storage reservoir and a hydro-turbine. A system for purifying and desalinating water may include the pump, a semi-permeable membrane for reverse osmosis and a reservoir for purified water.