An apparatus (100) for purifying fluid, wherein the apparatus (100) comprises an osmosis unit (102) configured for pre-purifying the fluid to be purified by forward osmosis of the fluid, which is to be purified, through an osmosis membrane (104) into a chamber (106) comprising dissolved first ions, in particular first cations and first anions, an ion exchange unit (108) configured for exchanging at least part of the first ions, in particular at least part of at least one of the first cations and the first anions, by second ions, in particular at least one of second cations and second anions, and a re-concentration unit (110) configured for separating the pre-purified fluid after the ion exchange into purified fluid and into a re-concentrate enriched with the respective ions, in particular anions and cations.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a dialysis system having a disposable cartridge which includes one or more flowpaths arranged on or within the cartridge, where the one or more flowpaths including at least one of a blood flowpath for carrying a volume of blood to be treated in a dialyser and a dialysate flowpath, isolated from the blood flowpath, for delivering a flow of dialysate solution through the dialyser.

The present disclosure relates to semipermeable membranes which are suitable for blood purification, e.g. by hemodialysis, which have an increased ability to remove larger molecules while at the same time effectively retaining albumin. The membranes are characterized by a molecular retention onset (MWRO) of between 9.0 kD and 14.5 kD and a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of between 55 kD and 130 kD as determined by dextran sieving curves and can be prepared by industrially feasible processes excluding a treatment with salt before drying. The invention therefore also relates to a process for the production of the membranes and to their use in medical applications.

Systems, devices, and methods are provided for removing carbon dioxide from a target fluid, such as, for example, blood, to treat hypercarbic respiratory failure or another condition. A device is provided including first and second membrane components for removing dissolved gaseous carbon dioxide and bicarbonate from the fluid, which can be done simultaneously. The device can be in the form of a cartridge configured for use in a dialysis system. A method of treatment is also provided, involving drawing blood from a patient and bringing the patient's blood in contact with a first membrane component having a sweep gas passing therethrough, and a second membrane component having a dialysate passing therethrough. The dialysate's composition can be selected such that charge neutrality is maintained.

Endotoxin is detected by electrochemical measurement. A detection device 15 of endotoxin detects endotoxin contained in a fluid to be tested (for example, a dialysate) specifically in the following manner. First, the fluid to be tested is brought into contact with an adsorbent 17 that adsorbs endotoxin to cause the adsorbent 17 to adsorb the endotoxin. Then, a basic solution is brought into contact with the adsorbent 17 to desorb the endotoxin. Electrochemical measurement of the basic solution containing the desorbed endotoxin is performed. The endotoxin can be detected by the electrochemical measurement with high sensitivity at low cost.

A system, device and apparatus for measuring electrolytes, where an electrical charge is applied to a measurement portion to draw ions from a liquid to a gel-solution via at least one electric field. The gel-solution containing the extracted ions is excited with light of a predetermined wavelength from an emitter. A receiver detects the illumination of the ions as a result of the excited gel-solution, and a processor converts the detected intensities of the illumination to a biologically useful value representing ionic concentration.

The invention relates to a dialysis cell for sample preparation for a chemical analysis method, in particular for ion chromatography. The dialysis cell comprises a donor channel and an acceptor channel extending parallel thereto. The donor channel and the acceptor channel are separated from each other by a selectively permeable dialysis membrane. In particular, an analyte that is dissolved in a donor solution in the donor channel can enter through the dialysis membrane into the acceptor solution in the acceptor channel. The acceptor channel has at least in some sections a volume that is smaller than the volume of the donor channel extending parallel thereto. Acceptor and donor channels are formed from half-cells, between which the dialysis membrane is arranged, wherein the donor channel and the acceptor channel are designed in each case as a recess in a contact surface of one of the half-cells with the dialysis membrane.

The present disclosure relates to a process for testing the integrity of membranes in a filter module. Specifically, the process is applied to filters for extracorporeal blood treatment, in particular, filters comprising both filter membranes and particulate material.

Disclosed herein is a unit for ultrafiltration and purification (1) of a product stream (3) containing a biological macromolecular product as well as a substance to be separated from the product stream, comprising at least one capillary ultrafiltration module (2), characterized in that at least one pump (4) conveys the product stream into the capillaries of the at least one capillary ultrafiltration module, at least one positive displacement pump (5) conveys the product stream from the capillaries and at least one further pump (6) passes a washing fluid (9) over the outside of the capillaries, the unit includes no measure for circulating the product stream and the washing fluid into the ultrafiltration module, as well as
at least one guard filter (8), through which all fluid leaving the at least one capillary ultrafiltration module in the direction of the product stream is passed.

The invention provides a method for the continuous, microbe-reduced production and/or processing of a biopharmaceutical, biological macromolecular product from a heterogeneous cell culture-fluid mixture, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a particle-free fluid from a heterogeneous cell culture-fluid mixture containing the product, in the form of a product stream, (b) at least one filtration, providing a filtrate, (c) at least two chromatography steps for purifying the product, (d) at least one virus depletion, (e) at least one ultrafiltration and/or at least one diafiltration of the product stream of steps (b), (c) and/or (d), characterized in that the at least two chromatography steps from (c) comprise a purification via at least two chromatography columns and/or membrane adsorbers in each case and that the process is carried out in a closed and modular manner The invention further provides a corresponding modular system for carrying out said method.