Devices, systems, and methods herein relate to performing dialysis to manage a chronic condition such as end-stage renal disease. These systems and methods may allow a patient to orally ingest a potable dialysate and excrete the dialysate via the urinary tract. In some variations, a method may include delivering a dialysate via the esophagus of a patient and draining the dialysate into a bladder of the patient. Delivering the dialysate may further comprise delivering the dialysate through the nasopharynx or oropharynx. Delivering the dialysate through the oropharynx may comprise the patient drinking the dialysate.

The present disclosure relates to a hemodialysis membrane for the treatment of hemolytic events, especially acute episodes of hemolysis which lead to elevated levels of plasma free hemoglobin. The present disclosure further relates to methods of removing hemoglobin from the blood of patients undergoing a hemolytic event. The treatment and method encompasses using a hemodialysis membrane which is characterized in that it comprises at least one hydrophobic polymer and at least one hydrophilic polymer and in that it has a MWRO of between 15 and 20 kD and a MWCO of between 170-320 kD, or, in the alternative, has a MWRO of between 9 and 14 kD and a MWCO of between 55 kD and 130 kD.

A blood purification membrane capable of adsorbing creatinine which is a uremic toxin in the blood and purifying the blood, the blood purification membrane including fibers and particles adhered to the aforementioned fibers, wherein the aforementioned fibers are composed of a polymer insoluble in water, the aforementioned particles contain SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and pores capable of incorporating at least a portion of the aforementioned uremic toxin are provided in the aforementioned particles.

A protected fluid circuit can utilize osmotic membranes or other membrane types that are highly selective to urea transport. The membranes can achieve sufficient diffusional flux of urea in a forward osmosis geometry. When combined with a oxidation unit, this protected geometry can have a high selective flux of urea from the spent dialysate side to the urea removal side; balance of fluid (water) levels in patients by forward osmotic flow by controlling water evaporation rate through an vapor permeable membrane; protection of patient dialysate/blood loop from oxidation by-products; and an ability to optimize oxidation system performance (pH, ionic strength, other electrolytes, etc.) that would be otherwise incompatible with blood contact.

Systems and methods are provided for collecting a platelet product having a target concentration. First and second target concentrations are first selected. Blood is then separated into red blood cells and platelet-rich plasma, with the platelet-rich plasma then being separated into platelet-poor plasma and platelet concentrate. At least a portion of the platelet concentrate is collected in a container as a platelet product having an actual platelet concentration, attempting to collect platelet concentrate having the first target concentration. After separation of the blood has been completed, at least a portion of the platelet-poor plasma and/or an additive solution is pumped into the container to decrease the concentration of the platelet product from the actual platelet concentration to the second target concentration.

Dialysis devices include a frame defined by a plurality of sidewalls that are impermeable to a sample being dialyzed, a pair of dialysis membranes that are each associated with an opposing face of the plurality of sidewalls such that the plurality of sidewalls and the pair of dialysis membranes define a sample chamber, an outer shell surrounding at least a portion of the pair of dialysis membranes, and a cap selectively associated with the sample chamber. The cap can be selectively associated with the sample chamber via an attachment mechanism that is configured to provide aural and/or haptic feedback when the cap forms a tight association with the sample chamber. The cap can be a sensor cap having one or more probes for measuring at least one property of fluid inside and/or outside the sample chamber and a transmitter for transmitting data captured at the probe(s) to a destination device.

A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient may include a treatment fluid preparation device having a pump connected by a fluid channel to a reservoir of a source fluid, the pump conveying the source fluid from the reservoir, through a filter, and combining the source fluid with a concentrate by pumping the source fluid with the concentrate to form a treatment fluid in a batch container. The treatment fluid preparation device may have a controller that controls a heater, the pump, and a memory. The controller starts the heater to warm the treatment fluid in the batch container at a time that is responsive to the treatment time stored in the memory. The controller also detects a pressure property of the filter to determine its integrity and outputs an indication of a failed batch if the pressure property indicates the integrity of the filter is insufficient.

A method is disclosed for forming a microporous membrane that incorporates an additive having low water solubility at the membrane's active surface from a precipitation fluid. The incorporated additive at the membrane's active surface can improve one or more of the membrane's hydrophilicity, wettability, anti-fouling behavior, blood compatibility, and stability over long periods of use or repetitive use. The microporous membrane with this modified active surface can be a hollow fiber, flat sheet, or other self-supporting shape. The microporous membranes can be used for membrane filtering or a solute and/or solvent exchange process, which involve contacting aqueous-based fluid or blood with the microporous membrane, such processes for dialysis, blood oxygenation, or blood separation filtering, or other processes.

According to some aspects, a semi-permeable membrane is provided for performing separation processes as well as its method of manufacture. In some instances, a membrane may include a porous substrate, and an active layer disposed upon the substrate. The active layer may include at least one atomically thin layer having a plurality of open pores that allow transport of some species through the membrane while restricting transport of other species through the membrane. The open pores may have a mean pore size between 0.5 nm and 10 nm and a number density between 10.sup.9 cm.sup.?2 and 1014 cm.sup.?2.

The present disclosure relates to a dialysis apparatus comprising a membrane having at least one protein from the lipocalin family bound thereon. The disclosure further relates to methods of removing non-polar, hydrophobic and/or protein bound uremic toxins from a target subject utilizing the dialysis apparatus described herein as well as methods of extracorporeal detoxification.