A system and method for determining a concentration of total chlorine in dialysis water are provided. The system comprises a main unit housing a KI/water sample chamber and a sodium sulfate chamber. A first electrode pair bridges the two chambers and generates tri-iodide proportional to the amount of total chlorine in the water sample. A second electrode pair in contact with fluid in the KI/water sample detects an amount of tri-iodide generated by the first electrode pair. The system is suitable for use in connection with, or for incorporation into, a water purification system for generating dialysis fluid, and may include a display that alerts the user to stop or prevent a hemodialysis treatment if the total chlorine level exceeds a predetermined level.

A medical monitoring device for monitoring electrical signals from the body of a subject is described. The medical monitoring device monitors electrical signals originating from a cardiac cycle of the subject and associates each cardiac cycle with a time index. The medical monitoring device applies a forward computational procedure to generate a risk score indicative of hyperkalemia, hypokalemia or arrhythmia of the subject. The medical monitoring device can adjust the forward computational procedure based upon clinical data obtained from the subject.

A method and apparatus for the treatment of blood are disclosed allowing for the determination of an internal convection in a blood purification device e.g. in the form of a dialyzer. The internal convection in the purification device can be determined on the basis of pressure differences in the purification device. The blood purification may be, for instance, a hemodialysis or a hemodiafiltration. Pressure sensors serve for measuring the pressures of the blood at the input and/or output of the purification device as well as optionally for detecting the pressure of a cleaning fluid or dialysis fluid at the input and/or output of the purification device.

Disclosed are methods, compositions, and devices for improved delivery of regional citrate anticoagulation during extracorporeal blood treatments. Methods comprise quantification of the clearance of calcium and/or citrate using one or more on-line/in-line sensors, establishing a correlation between the differential conductivity between afferent and efferent dialysate and the clearance of calcium and/or citrate. The methods described herein further include quantifying citrate clearance using glucose as a surrogate.

Device for removing substances from blood and other fluids such as water, wastewater, chemicals and other biofluids, includes i) an electrocatalytic decomposition filter including a DC power source, a set of electrodes with a catalytic surface or in direct contact with sorbents offering catalytic activity, ii) an electrosorption filter including a DC power source, a set of electrodes, nanostructured sorption material and/or a porous polymer matrix, iii) an inlet for entry of blood or blood plasma or dialysate fluid into the device, iv) an outlet for the removal of purified blood, blood plasma, ultrafiltrate or dialysate fluid from the device, and v) a conduit connecting the inlet with the outlet and holding the electrosorption filter such that the blood, blood plasma, ultrafiltrate or dialysate fluid is forced through the electrosorption and electrocatalytic decomposition filter, and vi) a sensor and control system to safeguard the device from producing oxidative stress.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing large batch metal/metal oxide nanoparticles that involve dynamic dialysis. The methods allow for batches of greater than 1 liter to be synthesized and aged while reducing the amount of water usage.

Systems and methods for producing acid deficient uranyl nitrate from a dilute uranyl nitrate solution are disclosed. In one form, the present disclosure provides a system comprising a feed evaporation system and a diffusion dialysis system. The feed evaporation system is configured to receive a feed stream and to boil off water, under vacuum, from the feed stream to produce a concentrated uranyl nitrate solution and a distilled water product. The diffusion dialysis system is configured to counter flow the concentrated uranyl nitrate solution and the distilled water product across a plurality of membrane vessels to promote nitrate migration from the concentrated uranyl nitrate solution to the distilled water, and to produce a dialysate stream and a recycle acid stream. The feed stream may include a product of a solvent extraction process used to recycle spent nuclear fuel and/or a recovery stream from other fuel fabrication activities.

Provided is a microfluidic dialysis module including an upper plate having an upper flow path through which a first fluid flows therein formed on one surface thereof, and an upper inlet through which the first fluid flows into the upper flow path and an upper outlet through which the first fluid flows out of the upper flow path; a lower plate having a lower flow path through which a second fluid flows therein, and having a plurality of lower inlets through which the second fluid flows into the lower flow path and a plurality of lower outlet through which the second fluid flows out of the lower flow path; a membrane disposed between the one surface of the upper plate and the one surface of the lower plate and formed in a porous membrane structure; and a fixing member coupling the upper plate and the lower plate.

Provided herein are methods and systems for water purification from oxyanions, nitrate in particular, by Donnan dialysis unit coupled with a bioreactor, to allow the uninterrupted or minimally interrupted operation of the technological assembly.

Provided is an ion-conducting layer including: an ion conductive matrix; and a 1D composite dispersed in the ion conductive matrix and oriented in a membrane thickness direction, in which the 1D composite includes a core of a non-conductive 1D nanostructure; an intermediate layer enclosing the core and having magnetic nanoparticles bonded to a surface thereof; and a surface layer conducting the same kind of ions as ions in the matrix.